2015年7月31日 星期五

日本起訴東電前高層3人:福島核災罪人

福島核災罪人 日本起訴東電前高層

福島第一核電廠2011年遭311海嘯重創,直到本周二0728才移除反應爐外殼,準備清除放射性物質。法新社

 
 
東京第五檢察審查會今天決議,以業務過失致死罪名,強制起訴東京電力公司前會長勝俁恆久、前副社長武藤榮和高級幹部武黑一郎等3人,因他們明知福島第一核電廠有可能遭海嘯襲擊,但仍疏於採取對策。

東電前會長勝俁恆久等高層在2008年就已經知道,福島第一核電廠有遭到最高15.7公尺海嘯襲擊的風險,可能因此造成核電廠停電等問題,但卻未指示核電廠做出應變,像是把小型發電機移往高處防災等。2011年日本發生311大地震,引發海嘯灌進福島第一核電廠造成核災,附近醫院的住院病患在避難過程中不幸死亡,附近居民聯合提出告訴追究東電刑責。(陳怡妏/綜合外電報導)

2015年7月28日 星期二

點水樓甲魚(又稱鱉)含還原型孔雀綠致癌禁藥,愛買烏骨雞殺菌劑氟甲磺氯黴素超標一倍

甲魚含致癌禁藥 點水樓中招

 
 
【綜合報導】吃甲魚進補,當心致癌!衛福部食藥署昨公布最新禽畜水產品殘留動物用藥稽查結果,抽驗十五件甲魚(又稱鱉)有六件違規,不合格率高達四成,其中知名連鎖餐廳「點水樓」販售的甲魚,竟殘留致癌物還原型孔雀綠等禁藥。醫師警告,動物試驗證明還原型孔雀綠有致肝癌等風險,多國均已列禁藥。
食藥署今年三到六月抽驗巿售甲魚、烏骨雞等禽畜水產品共九十五件,有八件不合格,甲魚就佔六件,點水樓的甲魚除驗出致癌物,還驗出禁用殺菌劑磺胺二甲基嘧啶、三甲氧芐胺嘧啶(芐音同戶)。

愛買烏骨雞也超標

此外,量販店愛買台中中港分店的烏骨雞,檢出殺菌劑氟甲磺氯黴素超標一倍。食藥署說,違規產品均已下架銷毀,由各衛生局、農政單位追查上游來源,依法可罰六萬到兩億元。
林口長庚醫院臨床毒物科主任顏宗海指,動物試驗已證實還原型孔雀綠會引起肝癌、甲狀腺癌等,氟甲磺氯黴素有引發血癌、再生性不良貧血等風險。食藥署說,磺胺二甲基嘧啶、三甲氧芐胺嘧啶的副作用為噁心嘔吐,且有腎毒性。
點水樓說,並未使用到違規的甲魚,之後也未再提供甲魚料理,無退費問題。愛買說,問題產品已下架停售,並開放退換貨。 

違規殘留動物用藥名單

◎甲魚
•點水樓台北市復興店 → 含禁用的還原型孔雀綠、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、三甲氧芐胺嘧啶
•嘉義縣慶光小吃部 → 含禁用的三甲氧芐胺嘧啶
•彰化縣鱉大王大時崎 → 含禁用的磺胺二甲基嘧啶、三甲氧芐胺嘧啶
•高雄市小吃店 → 含禁用的磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、三甲氧芐胺嘧啶、甲磺氯黴素、氟甲磺氯黴素
•新北市長江鱉大王 → 含禁用的三甲氧芐胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基噁唑
•宜蘭縣吉祥園餐廳 → 含禁用的三甲氧芐胺嘧啶
◎烏骨雞
•愛買台中中港分店 → 氟甲磺氯黴素含量超標1倍
◎貢丸肉
•彰化縣福寶食品行 → 磺胺二甲基嘧啶含量超標19.1倍
資料來源:食藥署 

2015年7月27日 星期一

「稻殼筷」:桃園市八德區興仁花園夜市



桃園市八德區的興仁花園夜市宣布,自8月1日起,夜市內所有攤販均改使用可以自然分解的「稻殼筷」,成為全台首座使用稻殼筷的環保夜市。
ETtoday報導,興仁花園夜市執行副總詹芳霖表示,傳統的環保竹筷品質參差不齊而且常有漂白水氣味,因此為了民眾健康考量,所以改採用以稻殼製作的稻殼筷。稻殼筷是利用稻殼剩餘物磨碎後加工壓製而成,並且通過了310項的農藥成分檢驗,不含漂白劑、不刺手,用餐時均可正常使用,但長時間浸泡後即可溶於水中,減少環境負擔。
聯合報導,經興仁夜市統計,每天有逾上萬來客量,一天就可省下一萬雙竹筷,實際落實推廣環保愛地球的精神。興仁夜市攤商也說,雖然稻殼筷成本比竹筷貴2.5倍,一個月成本約多了2700元左右,但攤商們都願意配合8月1日起禁用竹筷,改用鐵筷與稻殼筷,除此之外,興仁夜市採用抽油煙機與汙水油水分離槽,燈泡也改用LED省電燈泡,打造成全國最落實環保的夜市。
NOWnews報導,「稻殼筷」的發明者是研究材料的黃明星,他認為傳統的竹製免洗筷,為了賣相佳通常都會漂白,亦有容易刺到手的困擾,而稻殼筷的製程環保,不需砍伐樹木或竹子,來源也充足。原物料由「稻殼」製作,輾米之後的稻穀通常都會被丟掉,發明者黃明星經長時間的試驗,將稻穀剩餘物再生利用,磨成細粉加工,再壓成筷子的形狀,最後經過高溫殺菌後才讓稻殼筷出廠。
他還表示,亞洲人的主食是米,因此稻殼來源沒問題,「稻殼筷」是使用台灣的原料,全程在台灣製造,他強調,「稻殼筷」經相關單位嚴格檢驗,確保沒有農藥殘留,現在更有不少餐廳業者也開始跟進,使用該「稻殼筷」讓大家能夠吃得更安心。 
新聞來源:

2015年7月24日 星期五

李登輝盼促進台日癌症醫療的合作,以提升台灣的癌症醫療品質



李總統自2011年大腸癌手術後,相當關注台灣癌症醫療技術與品質。這次來到福島南東北綜合醫院參訪實體設備,盼藉此行積極促進台日癌症醫療的合作,以提升台灣的癌症醫療品質。

他在自己得癌症後才發現,他手上拿的這張照片裡的家人全部都是因為癌症過世,照片中僅存他一人。因次更加重他對癌症醫療的重視。

2015年7月23日 星期四

生牛肉‧生乳 疑致癌因子


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igOfQkh7L3E
發現人類乳突病毒為子宮頸癌致病原,獲得2008年諾貝爾生理醫學獎的楚爾豪森博士,最近受中原大學邀請來台,年近80歲的豪森博士,從研究建議盡量吃全熟牛肉、喝滅菌完全的牛奶,可以減少癌症的風險。
更多新聞與互動請上: 公視新聞網 (http://news.pts.org.tw ) PNN公視新聞議題中心 (http://pnn.pts.org.tw/ ) PNN 粉絲專頁 (http://www.facebook.com/pnn... ) PNN...
YOUTUBE.COM

專訪:中國須嚴格管控抗生素使用;直至2050年,抗生素的耐藥感染每年可能奪走100萬中國人性命

專訪:中國須嚴格管控抗生素使用

廣州地球化學研究所今年6月發布的研究結果顯示,中國抗生素的使用量佔全球一半。針對該問題,德國之聲採訪了該課題組的負責人應廣國先生。
Symbolbild Tabletten Medikamente
德國之聲:您是如何得出中國抗生素使用量佔世界一半的這一結論的?
應廣國:世界衛生組織有數據,全球大概使用了多少抗生素。而根據我們的數據,中國(在2013年)的抗生素使用量大約為16萬噸,而全球每年抗生素的使用量大約為30萬噸。
此外,每千人來看,中國有157(醫用單位)限定日劑量,這比西方的20到30要高出很高。從這個數據可以看出,中國人均用量也要更大。
什麼原因造成了這種情況?
有幾方面原因。首先中國人多,(抗生素)使用總量自然也大。另外人多,養殖和食用畜禽的數目也大。
此外,雖然中國針對人用和獸用抗生素的使用都有相關文件,但是監管不很嚴格。抗生素雖然是處方藥,但在中國很容易獲得。一些小醫院,特別是藥店,即便沒有處方,也能買到。所以人均使用量就比較大。
在畜禽方面,抗生素被用來作為養殖飼料添加劑,用來促進生長發育。這樣一來,用量就非常之大。
Antibiotika in der Massentierhaltung Symbolbild
中國養殖業抗生素濫用現象嚴重
您在研究中提到,中國北方流域抗生素的濃度比南方大,東部比西部大。東部由於人口密度大,河流抗生素濃度高比較容易理解。是什麼造成了北方流域抗生素問題更為嚴重呢?
北方主要是靠近東部的北京、天津、河北一帶比較嚴重。這主要是因為京津冀地區人口密度大,周邊養殖畜禽量也比較大,河流水量又比較小。而水量大的河流自然污染濃度比較低。
河水抗生素含量高具體會對人們的身體健康造成哪些影響?
就水(抗生素含量高)來說,對人體可能沒有直接毒害,因為畢竟濃度沒有很大,經過水廠處理,基本沒有問題。但是主要問題在於抗生素殘留,大量使用對人畜都會引起細菌耐藥的問題。這是大家普遍比較關係的一點,因為病原菌或者常規的細菌產生耐藥性,這就影響了未來使用抗生素的效果。
您在調查中對36種常見抗生素進行了檢測,哪些使用量最大、流域濃度最高呢?
哪個濃度高、哪個濃度低,這個其實意義不大。常用類抗生素,比如磺胺類、比如四環素類、比如氧氟沙星,其實都比較高。
那如何才能對抗生素的使用進行全方位、有效地管控?
有幾個方面需要去做。
政府層面需要進行更嚴格的監管,出台更嚴厲的措施,既然是處方藥就要嚴格按照處方藥來管理。養殖方面的管控太鬆了,很多抗生素都是人畜共用,這非常危險,應該限制抗生素在動物中的使用。
從老百姓角度看,應該有這種意識:抗生素是處方藥,不可以隨便服用,養殖方面更不應該隨便使用。養殖戶和養殖企業應該意識到,抗生素濫用對人體健康對環境都不利。
此外,污水處理廠的處理必須加強,無論是城市污水處理還是養殖污水處理。應該進一步提高污水處理率,去除這些耐藥的細菌、抗生素殘料。

DW.CO​​M

  • 日期 23.07.2015
  • 作者 王凡

2015年7月22日 星期三

貝原益軒 《貝原養生訓》


最近,恰巧在NHK的歴史報導性的節目《歷史秘話ヒストリア》中,看到了一節専門介紹江戸時代體弱多病的讀書人-貝原益軒(1630-1714)如何在醫藥知識較不發達的時代,想方設法,力圖自救,並且努力專攻於養生術的歷史揭秘專題報導。該集以〈史上初のベストセラー健康ガイド ~病弱・益軒の「養生訓」~〉(歷史上第一本健康指南暢銷書)為題,聚焦於江戶時代的重要學問家貝原益軒。

http://gushi.tw/archives/1208
......總體而論,貝原益軒在經過多年的研究後,將其心得整理成《貝原養生訓》一書,其中包括了幾個重要的養生原則:
1.養生術的最基礎,就在於「心氣」的培養,務必要心和氣平。(心を和にし、気を平らかにし)。
2.飯後的適當運動,幫助消化(毎日晩飯後,要行三百歩左右)。
3.毎天用塩漱口,並且叩齒三十六下(愛吃甜食的江戶人,自然必須注意牙齒)。
4.要吃熟食、熱食,不要吃「生冷堅硬」的食物。(腸胃不好的人,應該多吃溫熱的熟食,貝原益軒的日記中時常提到胃痛與腹瀉)。養生訓裡提到胃之氣,就是元氣之一。
5.記録體重,並且記錄病情。(過胖不宜,過輕也不好)
6.酒、食、茶、湯,僅食七、八分飽,不可過量,不可夜食。(以防消化不良)。早上食粥最好,有助身體津液的生成。不可貪食瓜果、冷麵。
7.已身非私物,是天地父母之恩,所以維持生命,得享天年,是很重要的事。(貝原益軒是朱子學者,這種想法應該源自於儒學思想的傳統)
8.家庭之中要有夫妻相處,要有「敬愛心」,「夫婦圓滿」下,方能養生。(貝原夫婦在倆人重視養生下,都有相當的高壽)

Disasters in Taiwan highlight country's safety problem

Disasters in Taiwan highlight country's safety problem

4 hours ago
In the past year, Taiwan has been hit by a string of deadly disasters, including two plane crashes, a chemical blast, a fire that killed six fire fighters and, in June, an explosion at a water park.
These are not simply accidents. Behind each case, accident investigators found either an error of judgment, a law violation, or negligence was to blame.
In some of the cases, existing safety laws had simply been ignored.
Cindy Sui reports.

2015年7月21日 星期二

英國香腸的哀歌:含量:脂肪、化學品--以及肝炎

肝炎


A bag of ‘fat, chemicals – and hepatitis’: why Britain has stopped eating sausages

The British banger is heading towards oblivion, with sales down 2bn since 2008 – it’s hardly surprising given what’s in them
Go on … you know you want to …
 Go on … you know you want to … Photograph: Getty Images/Foodcollection
Name: The sausage.
Age: 5,000 years.
Appearance: A cylindrical tube of intestine stuffed with naught but pure evil.
Bog off, sausages are great. Oh really? Try telling that to the British consumer, because they’ve stopped buying them.
They haven’t. They have! We’re eating 2bn fewer sausages a year than we were in 2008.
But sausages are brilliant. Everyone loves a sausage. Well, that’s demonstrably untrue. Shoppers apparently don’t like the fact that they’re bulked out with chemicals and wheat rusk.
But that’s what gives them their delicious texture.And, comparatively, they’re drenched with fat and salt.
But that’s what gives them their delicious flavour.And, according to a government study this year, one in 10 of them carries the hepatitis E virus (if not properly cooked).

So if we’re not eating sausages any more, what are we eating? 
Chicken and steak, apparently. Sales of beef have doubled since 2008, as have sales of fresh chicken. Because, unlike sausages, when you buy a chicken, you know you’re just eating a chicken.But that’s … oh, no, actually you’ve got me there. See? This is why nobody eats sausages any more. Eating a sausage is like playing a game of pass the parcel, where the prize is obesity and an inflamed liver.
Yeah, a miserable chicken that grew up being pumped full of antibiotics in the darkAnd yet that’s still preferable to eating what basically amounts to a warm bag of hepatitis. Sausages are dead. Let it go.
How dead? According to a report in the Mail, within a decade they might be reduced to being a novelty meat item, like tripe or faggots.
This is a British tragedy. First sales of marmalade dropped, now sausages. What next? Top hats? Cigarettes? Look, calm down. The sausages that are still being sold are apparently some of the best quality sausages ever made. The fightback might start here.
Good, because the thought of wrapping bacon around a carrot on Christmas Day is turning my stomach. Mine too, dear friend. Mine too.
Do say: “I’ll have a full breakfast, please. Hold the chicken breast.”
Don’t say: “Next on That’s Life, a dog that can say the word ‘hepatitis.’”

公院洗衣場爆毛黴菌瑪麗兩病人感染後死亡


毛黴菌 (Mucor)
Mucor sp.
Mucor sp.


http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20150721/19226901


毛黴菌(學名:Mucor)其實並不是單單一種黴菌,而是一個大約有40多種的黴菌屬,普遍在泥土或植物的表面生活,特別是腐爛的蔬果。

瑪麗醫院ISS洗衣房被服事件[編輯]


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    袁國雄表示,毛黴菌是小孢根霉,在過去10年中,香港每年只有一兩宗這樣的真菌 感染病例,除了2009年有11宗例外,但今年以來,瑪麗醫院已經 ...
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公院洗衣場爆毛黴菌瑪麗兩病人感染後死亡| 蘋果日報| 要聞港 ...

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    12 hours ago - 自今年6月,該院共證實五宗感染稱為少孢根霉的毛黴菌(亦即霉菌)個案,當中兩人死亡,包括一名肝移植74歲男病人,及一名因自身免疫力失效導致 ...

描述[編輯]

黴菌是一種真菌,它的菌落的顏色一般為白色、淺黃色到灰色,生長快速,並可以長至數厘米高。當菌落成熟,由於孢子的影響,使菌落的顏色變成褐色。

2015年7月20日 星期一

車禍: 喜宴等不到6好友。雙層巴士的司機決定硬闖,車頂遭橋身削走

英國倫敦南部前晚發生罕見交通意外,一架雙層巴士的司機懷疑行錯路,駛進一條限高僅3.7米的天橋底路段,結果整個巴士車頂遭橋身削走,7名乘客受輕傷。
事發於前晚9時10分,該架197號巴士沒按照原訂路線行走,錯誤進入南諾伍德一條天橋底路段,現場照片可見白色車頂打斜卡在天橋及地面之間,附近行車線事後要封閉。
車上乘客對事故無不感到愕然,不少途人看見車頂殘骸亦大吃一驚,有人在微博twitter留言稱:「真想知道到底司機當時在想什麼,竟然決定硬闖。」 ■《星期日郵報》
*****

車禍 麻吉墜橋 喜宴等不到6好友

......前天上午十一時許,國道三號南下一百三十公里處、苗栗縣後龍交流道附近,發生廂型車爆胎翻覆至高架橋下,造成六死一傷。其中五名死者陳冠佑(三十一歲)、邱迪威(三十二歲)、王紫誼(三十一歲),吳俊瑩(三十一歲)、林惟翊(三十三歲),和唯一生還的詹孟蓁(三十二歲),都是銘傳大學風險管理與保險學系畢業的同窗好友,另名死者張昕頤(二十四歲)則是林惟翊的女友。 
強忍悲傷
同學出車禍,新人上台面無表情,沒有歡樂笑容。親友提供

自拍竟成最後留影

前天七人從北部同車南下,準備參加大學同學范聖侑(三十二歲)與陳群穎(三十一歲)昨午在彰化舉辦的婚宴。一行人從台北出發前,坐副駕駛座的邱迪威用手機自拍,駕駛陳冠佑雖僅半張臉入鏡,但看得出臉上笑意,同坐第二排的詹孟蓁、王紫誼,一個笑容燦爛,一個開心比「YA」,後排為情侶檔張昕頤與林惟翊,沒想到竟是這群麻吉最後一次合影!隨後車子到新竹接吳俊瑩,改由吳俊瑩坐副駕駛座,邱男換至第二排右座,詹女坐第二排中間。 
白衣迎娶
昨婚禮迎娶工作人員都穿著白色上衣,表達哀悼。親友提供

新人哀痛不走紅毯

車禍發生後,新人范聖侑、陳群穎立即放下婚禮籌辦工作,趕赴醫院探望唯一生還的詹孟蓁,兩人在醫院哀痛相擁。
兩人昨強忍悲痛舉辦婚宴,為了哀悼無法參加婚禮的同學,迎娶過程中,伴郎及工作人員皆改穿白上衣;迎親車隊出門前,先在新郎家外默哀三分鐘,迎娶沿路不放鞭炮。
新人昨婉拒受訪,新郎大哥范坤宏代表新郎發表聲明稿,強調新郎與陳冠佑等死傷同學感情深厚,同學為參加婚禮而發生重大傷亡車禍,新人悲慟萬分,因婚宴早已排定,只能在沉重心情下忍痛完成、簡單進行;因發生事故的同學都是伴郎伴娘,昨臨時另請親友當伴郎伴娘。一名參加婚宴的大學同學難過地說,「好同學在車禍中過世、受傷,大家非常難過。」
昨婚宴席開四十桌,特地為死傷同學留下一桌空位;新人取消走紅地毯進場,改從工作通道上婚禮舞台,所有婚禮小遊戲、上菜秀、致辭都取消。新人和父母親上台向賓客致意時,皆面無表情,沒有一絲喜悅笑容。
親友表示,婚宴中新娘換了三套禮服,除白紗外,未穿大紅色晚禮服,場內布置樸素,與一般婚禮熱鬧喧嘩氣氛相比,「這場婚禮異常安靜」。多數親友都知道車禍六死悲劇,席間新人神色凝重,新娘見到其他到場同學還紅了眼眶,淚水奪眶而出,只得不斷補妝。 

車呈垂直翻越護欄

另外,檢警昨重回現場封閉國道勘驗,由跡證研判廂型車左後輪爆胎擦撞內側護欄,再往右失控至中線車道後翻滾,地上刮痕從連續變跳躍,車子翻滾呈直立狀態時,車頂撞上路燈桿,最高撞擊點距路面約四公尺,因護欄高度僅一公尺十九公分,車輛翻落高架橋下。而廂型車後輪胎齡高達十三年,不排除是輪胎龜裂、變形才爆胎釀禍。 

婚禮哀悼 6死車禍

●伴郎及婚禮工作人員身穿白衣
●出門迎娶前在家門外默哀3分鐘
●沿途不施放鞭炮
●新人不走紅地毯,直接從工作通道上舞台
●為死傷者留下一桌空位
●上台後,新人及雙方主婚人不致辭
●取消上菜秀、丟捧花等餘興小節目
●新郎哥哥代念聲明稿表示哀悼
資料來源:《蘋果》採訪整理 

2015年7月17日 星期五

'Consumer Reports' Says Laundry Pods Are Too Risky To Recommend


'Consumer Reports' Says Laundry Pods Are Too Risky To Recommend
JULY 16, 201511:15 AM ET
SCOTT HENSLEY




Can you spot the four laundry pods?CR/John Powers and Ariana Salvato/Apotrophe/Courtesy of Consumer Reports

Consumer Reports, the granddaddy of advice-givers on what to buy, won't recommend laundry pods containing liquid detergent anymore. The risks to small kids are just too high, the magazine says.

In its latest tests, eight different single-use packets were rated very good at cleaning. That wasn't a strong enough showing to put any of them among the top three laundry detergents, which got the magazine's recommended check mark.

But the real problem is safety. Despite some changes in packaging and a heightened awareness of the risks to kids, the number of health incidents involving the pods continues to climb.

Through June, 6,046 incidents involving pods and kids younger than 6 have been reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. The exposures, as the AAPCC calls them, include ingestion, inhalation and contact with eyes and skin. Health problems after exposure include wheezing, gasping, extreme sleepiness, vomiting and corneal abrasions.

If the incidents continue to be reported at the current pace, they'll exceed the 11,714 that were registered by the poison control centers in 2014.
i


Reports to poison control centers of exposure of children 5 and younger to laundry detergent packets. Data for 2015 are through June 30.NPR/American Association of Poison Control Centers

Procter & Gamble, maker of Tide pods, didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.

"Given the continued danger, we have made the decision to not include pods on our list of recommended products," says the article in the September issue of the magazine. "And we strongly urge households where children younger than 6 are ever present to skip them altogether." The magazine says its "new position doesn't apply to laundry (or dishwasher) pods that contain powder, because injuries associated with them are less frequent and less severe."

The AAPCC says households with children should take precautions with the pods. "Our official stance from a poison prevention and education standpoint is that single-use laundry packets should be kept up, away and out of sight of children," Krista Osterthaler, national director of outreach for AAPCC, tells Shots. The poison control centers would also like to see packaging improvements to make the products more child-resistant and additional labeling to tell consumers about the dangers.

"We would also support efforts in reformulation to make them less toxic," she says. "We just don't know what that looks like."

Update 2:35 p.m. ET: Procter & Gamble provided a statement by email:


"We take every incident of accidental exposure seriously and believe these accidents are preventable. Less than 1% of the calls to Poison Control centers were related to laundry pacs, and the vast majority of these calls to Poison Control centers resulted in minor or no medical treatment. Today, we are seeing encouraging signs that the rate of accidents relative to the number of P&G laundry pacs sold is declining at a rate of 28 percent."









Laundry detergent pod
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




Laundry detergent pods are products containing laundry soap, softener and other detergents enclosed in plastic discs. Notable manufacturers of these pods include Arm & Hammer, Purex, and Tide.[1] They first became popular in February 2012 when they were introduced by Procter & Gamble as Tide Pods.[1]
Poisonings[edit]

Concern has been raised over children accidentally being exposed to laundry pods because their appearance resembles that of candy.[2]

In 2012, in response to a child swallowing Tide Pods, Procter & Gamble said they would make this product more difficult to open by adding a double latch to the lid.[3] In 2013, Consumer Reports stated that there had been nearly 7,700 reported incidents in which children age 5 or younger had been exposed to laundry pods,[1] and that year, one child from Florida died after ingesting a pod.[4] In 2014, a study published in Pediatrics found that from 2012 to 2013, more than 17,000 calls were made to poison control centers about children who had exposed to the pods.[5]
References[edit]

^ Jump up to:a b c "Laundry detergent pods remain a health hazard". Consumer Reports. March 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
Jump up^ Jaslow, Ryan (19 October 2012). "CDC warns laundry detergent pods pose health risk". CBS News. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up^ Wohl, Jessica (25 May 2012). "Tide to change Pods lid over child safety concerns". Reuters. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
Jump up^ Mendoza, Dorrine (16 August 2013). "Baby dies after ingesting laundry detergent pod". CNN. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up^ Valdez, A. L.; Casavant, M. J.; Spiller, H. A.; Chounthirath, T.; Xiang, H.; Smith, G. A. (10 November 2014). "Pediatric Exposure to Laundry Detergent Pods". PEDIATRICS. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0057.

2015年7月16日 星期四

每天走20分鐘的優點:激發BDNF和內啡肽(endorphin)





腦源性神經營養因子BDNF英語Brain-derived neurotrophic factor)是人腦中的一種蛋白質,由腦源性神經營養因子基因生成。腦源性神經營養因子是神經營養因子中的一種,這種因子存在於人的神經系統中。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor

這篇很好,運動除了會分泌BDNF,更分激發內啡肽(endorphin),亦稱安多酚或腦內啡、腦內嗎啡,是一種可於動物體內自行生成的類嗎啡生物化學合成物。它是由脊椎動物的腦下垂體和丘腦下部所分泌的氨基化合物(肽) 。它能與嗎啡受體(Opioid receptor)結合,產生跟嗎啡、鴉片劑一樣的止痛和欣快感,等同天然的鎮痛劑。利用藥物可增加腦內啡的分泌。
http://birdeemag.com/this-is-your-brain-after-walking/


YOUR BRAIN AFTER A 20 MINUTE WALK

By Birdee on August 13 2013 - Be WellGirlosophyNerdy Birdee
People are always banging on about how important exercise is for… everything. 
Perhaps one of the biggest and most-touted benefits of doing regular physical activity is that it increases happiness. Yep, exercise = better mood. Duh! We get it!
But before you click that little ‘x’ at the top of the page, take a look at what actually happens in your brain after a 20 minute walk:
brain exercise 2
Significant chemical changes are definitely occurring in the brain on the right.
You might have heard that magical feel-good chemicals calledendorphins are released during and after exercise. But what does that actually mean? It’s a lot more complex than it sounds.
Firstly, your brain recognises exercise as stress, and releases chemicals to “protect” your body from the stress. From the moment you begin exercising – as the pressure in your heart builds – you release a protein called BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor).
BDNF protects but also repairs the memory neurons in your brain, which effectively acts as a reset switch. As Leo Widrich at Buffer explains, that’s why you often feel so at ease and things seem clearer after exercise.
At the same time, endorphins (also chemicals that fight stress) are released in your brain. Endorphins minimise the discomfort of exercise, block the feeling of pain and give you that addictive “feel good” rush.
bike-skateboard
Together, BDNF and endorphins provide the mood-boost and mental clarity. But it’s important to remember that you don’t need to be out running marathons to reap the benefits of exercise.
“One of the biggest misconceptions is that exercise has to be hard,” writes New York Times health columnist Gretchen Reynolds. “That exercise means marathon running or riding your bike for three hours or doing something really strenuous. [But] humans were born to stroll.”
Further, research suggests that we might not actually benefit from doing any more than 20 minutes of exercise a day. “You get prolonged life, reduced disease risk — all of those things come in in the first 20 minutes of being active,” Reynolds explains.
The best exercise you can do for your body and mind? Walk. Every day.
“If people want to be healthier and prolong their life span, all they really need to do is go for a walk,” Reynolds stresses. “It’s the single easiest thing anyone can do.”


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走路最好,尤其是快走。這有演化上的原因,因為早期人類探索新環境和覓食都需要走很多的路,因此當人一直走時,大腦就以為人在探索新環境,需要有適應新地方的能力,於是分泌BDNF來幫助形成新的神經連接以利學習。
走路還有一個好處就是它不須要配備,不論有錢沒錢都可以做。
暑假到了,很多家長又為安排孩子暑期活動而煩惱。我有個朋友,全家因...
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