PERSONAL HEALTH
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By JANE E. BRODY
Head injuries account for three-fourths of the nearly 700-plus bicycle deaths that occur each year.
2017年10月28日 星期六
2017年10月25日 星期三
自動灑水系統
Sprinklers should be fitted in all new and refurbished schools, according to National Fire Chiefs Council - NFCC.
It's already mandatory in Scotland and Wales but not in England, where BBC Breakfast has found only 5% of all schools in England and Wales currently have them.
It's already mandatory in Scotland and Wales but not in England, where BBC Breakfast has found only 5% of all schools in England and Wales currently have them.
根據國家消防局長理事會NFCC的說法，自動灑水系統應該安裝在所有新建和翻新的學校。
這在蘇格蘭和和威爾士是強制性的，而英格蘭目前學校只有5％擁有此種設備。
2017年10月24日 星期二
2017年10月22日 星期日
英衛生部門：病人該多休息 少吃抗生素 Patients 'need rest, not antibiotics'
【你生病時醫生經常給你開抗生素嗎 ？告訴你的醫生，看醫生怎麽說】濫用抗生素會助長抗藥性細菌或病毒。咳嗽、支氣管炎這些，最多三個星期就會自行痊癒。英格蘭公共衛生署說，在遏制感染方面，病人自己也可以努力一下，你有三件事可以做：http://bbc.in/2yGSqkZ
Are we overusing antibiotics? Doctors should be prescribing rest instead according to health officials
http://bbc.in/2xg5Mmu
Patients 'need rest, not antibiotics'
Health officials say many illnesses get better on their own and patients don't need prescriptions.
BBC.CO.UK
2017年10月19日 星期四
Checklists are boring, but death is worse
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/10/checklists-are-boring-but-death-is-worse/
SCIENCE & HEALTH > HEALTH & MEDICINE
Checklists are boring, but death is worse
In conversation with Malcolm Gladwell, surgeon-writer Atul Gawande explains how simple systems can save lives
October 16, 2017 | Editor's Pick Popular
By Alvin Powell, Harvard Staff Writer
EmailTwitterF new information that can save the lives of people who not long ago would have died. The challenge? Keeping it all straight.
Atul Gawande, a Harvard professor and surgeon and New Yorker staff writer, illuminated the problem by recalling a letter he received five years ago from a Texas man who was in a head-on collision at 70 miles an hour. The injuries were severe enough that years ago they might have killed the man, Gawande said. Instead, emergency responders were on the scene within minutes. Within a few more, the man was in a helicopter to a major hospital, where his spleen was removed, the bleeding was stopped, and his condition stabilized.
From there, Gawande said, the patient had to endure months of treatments addressing different injuries, but in time he got on with his life. That is, until he went to the beach one day and contracted an infection.
The spleen can be important in fighting certain infections, Gawande noted. That’s why patients who have it removed typically are given three post-procedure vaccinations. In this case, the man received only two. The third would have protected him from the bug he picked up at the beach. The man lost his feet, fingers, and nose. Then he lost his job and his ability to take care of his family.
‘We love rescue and the heroism of being able to save someone. The death that didn’t happen is invisible.’ — Atul Gawande
The incident was awful, but not isolated, said Gawande. He remembers one case at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in which the patient died. What’s needed, he said, are simple systems to help, such as the surgical checklist he developed at Ariadne Labs, which he founded and which is a joint center of the Brigham and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Checklists, smartphone apps, or other interventions are penicillin-like in their life-saving potential, said Gawande, who spoke Friday at Faneuil Hall as part of HUBweek. His checklist takes aim at preventable surgical deaths, the estimated cause of as many as half of all surgery-related deaths. Recently published research on a checklist trial in South Carolina hospitals showed a reduction of 22 percent of all surgical deaths.
Though the systems can potentially save many lives, Gawande, in response to questions from author Malcolm Gladwell, said that they get little attention. Further, they meet resistance from a significant minority of doctors who feel they don’t need them.
It’s perhaps telling, Gawande said, that of the 25 percent of surgeons who said in a recent survey that the checklists were too long and unnecessary, 95 percent said that if they were having surgery, they’d want all the items on the checklist performed.
Gawande and Gladwell discussed whether the problem was related to heroism — or its lack. People get excited about saving someone who’s hurt, which is one reason surgeons are held in such high regard and demand such high salaries. There’s nothing dramatic about an injury that’s headed off, he noted, so even though the statistics tell of a life-saving impact, the work often goes unnoticed.
“We love rescue and the heroism of being able to save someone,” Gawande said. “The death that didn’t happen is invisible.”
SCIENCE & HEALTH > HEALTH & MEDICINE
Checklists are boring, but death is worse
In conversation with Malcolm Gladwell, surgeon-writer Atul Gawande explains how simple systems can save lives
October 16, 2017 | Editor's Pick Popular
By Alvin Powell, Harvard Staff Writer
EmailTwitterF new information that can save the lives of people who not long ago would have died. The challenge? Keeping it all straight.
Atul Gawande, a Harvard professor and surgeon and New Yorker staff writer, illuminated the problem by recalling a letter he received five years ago from a Texas man who was in a head-on collision at 70 miles an hour. The injuries were severe enough that years ago they might have killed the man, Gawande said. Instead, emergency responders were on the scene within minutes. Within a few more, the man was in a helicopter to a major hospital, where his spleen was removed, the bleeding was stopped, and his condition stabilized.
From there, Gawande said, the patient had to endure months of treatments addressing different injuries, but in time he got on with his life. That is, until he went to the beach one day and contracted an infection.
The spleen can be important in fighting certain infections, Gawande noted. That’s why patients who have it removed typically are given three post-procedure vaccinations. In this case, the man received only two. The third would have protected him from the bug he picked up at the beach. The man lost his feet, fingers, and nose. Then he lost his job and his ability to take care of his family.
‘We love rescue and the heroism of being able to save someone. The death that didn’t happen is invisible.’ — Atul Gawande
The incident was awful, but not isolated, said Gawande. He remembers one case at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in which the patient died. What’s needed, he said, are simple systems to help, such as the surgical checklist he developed at Ariadne Labs, which he founded and which is a joint center of the Brigham and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
Checklists, smartphone apps, or other interventions are penicillin-like in their life-saving potential, said Gawande, who spoke Friday at Faneuil Hall as part of HUBweek. His checklist takes aim at preventable surgical deaths, the estimated cause of as many as half of all surgery-related deaths. Recently published research on a checklist trial in South Carolina hospitals showed a reduction of 22 percent of all surgical deaths.
Though the systems can potentially save many lives, Gawande, in response to questions from author Malcolm Gladwell, said that they get little attention. Further, they meet resistance from a significant minority of doctors who feel they don’t need them.
It’s perhaps telling, Gawande said, that of the 25 percent of surgeons who said in a recent survey that the checklists were too long and unnecessary, 95 percent said that if they were having surgery, they’d want all the items on the checklist performed.
Gawande and Gladwell discussed whether the problem was related to heroism — or its lack. People get excited about saving someone who’s hurt, which is one reason surgeons are held in such high regard and demand such high salaries. There’s nothing dramatic about an injury that’s headed off, he noted, so even though the statistics tell of a life-saving impact, the work often goes unnoticed.
“We love rescue and the heroism of being able to save someone,” Gawande said. “The death that didn’t happen is invisible.”
空氣污染是某些疾病的重要原因 Researchers looked at the combined effects of air, water and soil pollution…
Studies have shown that pollution can be an important cause of diseases including asthma, cancer, heart disease, stroke and lung disease.
研究表明，空氣污染可能是哮喘，癌症，心臟病，中風和肺部疾病等疾病的重要原因。
研究表明，空氣污染可能是哮喘，癌症，心臟病，中風和肺部疾病等疾病的重要原因。
馬兜鈴酸 引發近8成肝癌 醫籲別吃來路不明中草藥
馬兜鈴酸 引發近8成肝癌
基因突變增風險 醫籲別吃來路不明中草藥
2017年10月20日
【沈能元╱台北報導】國內最新研究證實，台人罹肝癌竟與中草藥的馬兜鈴酸成分息息相關。林口長庚醫院耗費三年、分析九十八名肝癌患者的基因，發現近八成有馬兜鈴酸才會引起的特殊基因突變，這突變也提高肝癌風險；醫師指，為避免罹患肝癌，切忌服用來路不明的中草藥，以防基因突變、細胞癌化。
也恐提高腎癌機率
林口長庚昨發表研究成果，主持研究的該院胃腸肝膽科主任謝森永說，國內每年新增肝癌患者一萬一千多人、八千人死亡，以往認為肝癌與肝臟慢性發炎、肝硬化有關，該研究蒐集一九九八到二○一三年、該院及台大醫院近百名肝癌病患資料，基因定序後發現，七十六人體內有馬兜鈴酸才會引起的獨特基因突變形態，顯示馬兜鈴酸與國人肝癌高度相關。
謝森永表示，馬兜鈴酸是現今已知致癌性最高的基因突變物質，「甚至高於紫外線及菸品中的尼古丁」，主因是馬兜鈴酸易和ＤＮＡ結合，可直接接上ＤＮＡ的核苷酸，進而造成基因突變，當馬兜鈴酸經肝臟代謝，就會增加肝癌風險。此研究成果已發表在國際知名的《科學轉譯醫學期刊》，醫界也發現馬兜鈴酸可能提高腎臟、膀胱、泌尿道等癌症機率。
長庚中醫部主任陳俊良說，馬兜鈴酸常用在減重、消水腫及治療關節炎，台灣二○○三年已禁用含馬兜鈴酸的中藥材，如關木通、馬兜鈴、天仙藤等，但中國尚未禁用，提醒不應服用來路不明的中草藥，有減重或治療關節炎等需求的女性更要注意。
謝森永表示，馬兜鈴酸是現今已知致癌性最高的基因突變物質，「甚至高於紫外線及菸品中的尼古丁」，主因是馬兜鈴酸易和ＤＮＡ結合，可直接接上ＤＮＡ的核苷酸，進而造成基因突變，當馬兜鈴酸經肝臟代謝，就會增加肝癌風險。此研究成果已發表在國際知名的《科學轉譯醫學期刊》，醫界也發現馬兜鈴酸可能提高腎臟、膀胱、泌尿道等癌症機率。
長庚中醫部主任陳俊良說，馬兜鈴酸常用在減重、消水腫及治療關節炎，台灣二○○三年已禁用含馬兜鈴酸的中藥材，如關木通、馬兜鈴、天仙藤等，但中國尚未禁用，提醒不應服用來路不明的中草藥，有減重或治療關節炎等需求的女性更要注意。
B肝C肝要更注意
台灣肝癌醫學會名譽理事長王鐘貴說，長期服用來路不明的中草藥，恐造成肝臟慢性發炎，並引發肝硬化、肝癌，尤其是已患B、C型肝炎或肝硬化者，千萬勿吃不明中草藥。
預防肝癌注意事項
●一般民眾及慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者，勿服用來路不明的中草藥
●切忌喝酒過量，也別吃發霉的玉米、花生等，以免增肝癌風險
●已有慢性肝炎、肝硬化者，應遵從醫師處方，按時服藥控制病情
●B、C型肝炎帶原者或病人，3∼6個月應做1次腹部超音波或抽血
●接種B肝疫苗可預防B肝，並降低肝癌威脅
資料來源：謝森永醫師、陳俊良醫師
●切忌喝酒過量，也別吃發霉的玉米、花生等，以免增肝癌風險
●已有慢性肝炎、肝硬化者，應遵從醫師處方，按時服藥控制病情
●B、C型肝炎帶原者或病人，3∼6個月應做1次腹部超音波或抽血
●接種B肝疫苗可預防B肝，並降低肝癌威脅
資料來源：謝森永醫師、陳俊良醫師
2017年10月16日 星期一
Why a little dirt is good for us
_(Art.IWM_ART_2268).jpg)
Travoys Arriving with Wounded at a Dressing-Station at Smol, Macedonia, September 1916 (1919, Art.IWM ART 2268)
disinfectant
antiseptic
- 《名詞》消毒剤
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