Saudi Arabia 沙漠種樹 100億株，THE ECONOMIST 評論中國狀況改善多因氣候變遷.....

THE ECONOMIST 評論中國狀況改善多因氣候變遷 

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 Saudi Arabia is embarking on a land restoration mission which the main objective is to plant 10 billion trees across its expansive desert.

Through the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative, the kingdom seeks to rejuvenate 200 million hectares of degraded land, contributing to global afforestation efforts.

These projects not only address desertification but also enhance biodiversity and agricultural output, ensuring the well-being of millions who depend on these ecosystems.

美國，加拿大的 孤兒油井 (Orphan, orphaned, or abandoned wells)的環保問題

Orphan, orphaned, or abandoned wells are oil or gas wells that have been abandoned by fossil fuel extraction industries. These wells may have been deactivated because had become uneconomic, failure to transfer ownerships (especially at bankruptcy of companies), or neglect, and thus no longer have legal owners responsible for their care. Decommissioning wells effectively can be expensive, costing several thousands of dollars for a shallow land well to millions of dollars for an offshore one.^[1] Thus the burden may fall on government agencies or surface landowners when a business entity can no longer be held responsible.^[2]


Abandoned oil well in the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge.

 Orphan wells are a potent contributor of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane emissions, contributing to climate change. Much of this leakage can be attributed to failure to have them plugged properly or leaking plugs. A 2020 estimate of abandoned wells in the United States was that methane emissions released from abandoned wells produced greenhouse gas impacts equivalent to three weeks of US oil consumption each year.^[2] The scale of leaking abandoned wells is well understood in the US and Canada because of public data and regulation; however, a Reuters investigation in 2020 could not find good estimates for Russia, Saudi Arabia and China—the next biggest oil and gas producers.^[2] However, they estimate there are 29 million abandoned wells internationally.^[2][3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_wells

Probe the gut, protect the brain? 哈佛大學Gazette的新月報 Findings：Welcome to Findings, a new monthly newsletter from the Gazette that offers in-depth coverage of Harvard research as a force of real-world progress.

 

December 2024
	Probe the gut, protect the brain? Researchers studying Parkinson's disease are increasingly hopeful that evidence suggesting a “gut-first” model of the condition is the start of something big. “What we often find in science is that when we understand mechanisms behind one disease, it teaches us lessons that we can apply to the other diseases too.” READ MORE
	Welcome to Findings, a new monthly newsletter from the Gazette that offers in-depth coverage of Harvard research as a force of real-world progress.