SHE-- 環保安全健康

台中大里毒米恐下肚

2012-02-07T18:08:00.001-08:00

農地重金屬超標大里毒米恐下肚

台中市大里區28公頃農田驗出遭鎳、鉻重金屬污染，環保局立告示牌要求休耕，但遭公告污染區域的二期稻作早在去年11月就已收割，部分賣給民間糧商的稻米，恐已被民眾吃下肚。（記者陳建志攝）

驗出含鎳鉻 28公頃緊急休耕

〔記者陳建志、蔡淑媛、張菁雅、劉力仁／綜合報導〕台中市大里區二十八公頃農田被驗出遭鎳、鉻重金屬污染，中市環保局一月底通知農民休耕，但遭污染農田的二期稻作早在去年十一月就已收割，除部分公糧繳回農會糧倉外，其餘已被民間米商碾成白米流入市面，但量有多少？官員也不知道。食用過量鎳、鉻恐影響肝、腎功能，若稻米受污染，民眾吃下肚健康堪慮。

中市環保局水質及土壤保護科長范群彬表示，去年底向環保署申請擴大調查大里區詹厝園、大突寮、中興段受污染情形，總數八百六十筆調查丘塊中，發現一百九十筆重金屬污染超標，結果在一月中旬出爐，夏田里附近約二十八公頃農田驗出鎳、鉻重金屬污染超標，環保局緊急要求農民休耕，並剷除田裡的蔬菜、果樹。

檢驗空窗期收割稻作早流出

有稻農表示，每公頃農地約可收成六千公斤乾穀，若受污染的二十八公頃農田全部種稻，白米產量可達一百零七噸。大里區農會表示，該區域種植多少稻米目前尚未確定，上繳公糧的部分，目前都存放在農會糧倉，沒有外流風險，農民自行賣到民間糧商則無法掌握。

夏田里的蘇姓農民表示，去年種植二期稻作已賣給烏日溪南的米廠，附近農戶若非交給農會，就是賣給烏日等地的米廠，擔心早就碾成白米流入市面，抱怨環保單位通知太慢。范群彬則解釋，土壤檢測、採樣須等收割後才能進行。

多少流市面中市官員也不知

截至昨天為止，包括中市農業局、環保局都未掌握稻米流向，流入市面的米有多少也不知道。台中市農業局作物生產科長張豐勝解釋，土壤受污染，稻米也不一定受污染，若要追查受污染稻米流向，須直接向所有農戶調查，但因工程浩大，需和農糧署研究後才能決定處理方式。

中國醫藥大學附設醫院毒物科主任洪東榮表示，如果是工廠鉻污染廢水排放到農田，農夫在耕作時經呼吸和皮膚接觸，會腐蝕呼吸道和造成皮膚發炎等症狀。遭鉻污染的稻米被人體食用，會造成腸胃病變，隨尿液排出時影響泌尿道系統；鎳會引發肺癌、咽喉腔的癌症，也會造成皮膚過敏，長紅疹、蕁麻疹等，有小動物實驗也會造成腎、肝和內分泌病變，或影響神經系統。

疑灌溉渠道遭工廠廢水污染

不過，環保署土污基管會執行秘書蔡鴻德表示，鎳、鉻主要造成農作物死亡，稻米對於鎳、鉻的吸收並不好，因此目前相關法令管制農作物重金屬含量部份，並沒有針對鎳、鉻訂定管制標準。

環保署研判，污染來源是周圍工業區工廠排放廢水污染到農地灌溉渠道，導致農地污染，估計需要一年整治，休耕的農地每公頃每期將補助四萬五千元。

中市農業局作物生產科長張豐勝表示，農業局去年十一月二期稻作收割前曾採樣送檢，其中三件是這次遭公告污染的地區，檢驗結果都符合食用標準，並未發現遭重金屬污染；另外，中市衛生局食品藥物科長陳淑惠表示，去年抽檢市面上稻米，並未發現遭污染情形。

蘋果供應商富士康：工作機械單調﹐而且壓力巨大

2012-02-06T19:44:00.000-08:00

概言之﹐《紐約時報》的文章指出﹐蘋果已經對富士康等供應商形成的全球供應鏈形成依賴。富士康是台灣電子產品製造巨頭﹐在中國多個城市都設有大型工廠﹐每家工廠都擁有數萬名工人。富士康生產了全世界約40%的消費電子產品﹐服務對象包括戴爾(Dell)、惠普(Hewlett-Packard)、微軟 (Microsoft)和索尼(Sony)等公司。

工作環境很殘酷。工人通常每周工作六天﹐12小時兩班倒﹐每天工資不到20美元（約合人民幣140元）。很多人居住在擁擠不堪的宿舍里﹐有些人擠在沒有空調的小房間里。有許多報道稱﹐富士康還僱傭童工﹐不過最近蘋果出爐的供應商審計報告發現童工數量已經有所下降。

工作機械單調﹐而且壓力巨大：近幾年來富士康在中國共有17名工人自殺。因此﹐富士康給大樓拉上了巨大的防自殺網。

工人們還受到有毒化學物質和高濃度粉塵的危害﹐去年成都一家富士康工廠就因粉塵發生爆炸﹐造成人員傷亡。

那麼﹐既然富士康及其他供應商為那麼多其他公司製造產品﹐為何單單拿蘋果來做文章？

摩根士丹利資本國際 (MSCI) 專門研究科技和電信業公司的高級環境、社會及治理分析師伊士曼(Meggin Thwing Eastman)說﹐從紙面上看﹐蘋果設立了很好的制度﹐這一點與在社會責任上表現較好的企業是相同的。但我對執行情況存有疑慮﹔我們在蘋果看到了在其他公司沒有看到的東西。

需求大﹐週轉快﹐供應商被壓榨

Prostate cancer

2012-02-01T23:55:00.000-08:00

春節時我聽妹婿許博士說他的一位同事年紀輕就因Prostate cancer而離去.....

NICE: Prostate cancer drug too costly for NHS

By Smitha Mundasad BBC News

Abiraterone has been shown to extend life for more than three months

A drug that can extend the life of men with advanced prostate cancer by more than three months has provisionally been rejected for NHS use.

The health watchdog for England and Wales says the drug's benefits are not enough to justify the price the NHS has been asked to pay.

Cancer charities have been angered by the decision about abiraterone, one of the few drugs available to men in the final stages of prostate cancer.

A final decision is yet to be made.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to affect men in the UK.

The chief executive of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Sir Andrew Dillon, said the drug was effective, and one of its key benefits was that it could be taken orally in the patient's own home.

"We are therefore disappointed not to be able to recommend it for use on the NHS, however it is an expensive drug," Sir Andrew added.

'Bitter blow'

Abiraterone costs just under £3,000 for one month's supply but has been offered at a undisclosed discounted price to the NHS.

Cancer charities have criticised the health regulator's decision.

"Quite simply, abiraterone prolongs the life of men with incurable prostate cancer. The draft decision is a bitter blow to thousands of men and their families and must be overturned," said Owen Sharp, chief executive of The Prostate Cancer Charity.

Case study: Ron McCoo, Blackpool

Ron, 59, was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2010. He has been using abiraterone for three months. His local health provider currently allows the drug to be used on an individual basis. He says it has changed his life.

"I have my life back. I have a lot more energy and no pain. My quality of life is excellent. I wouldn't even know I have cancer now, it's that good.

"I know it doesn't work for everybody but it certainly works for me. I would be devastated if it was no longer available on the NHS."

Ron's wife Terri says: "We know NICE has to take a lot of things into consideration, but when you have a terminal illness an extra fourth months is very precious."

Prof Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "Only one other drug is available on the NHS that has been shown to prolong survival but it has more severe side-effects than abiraterone and is effective in fewer men."

Cancer Research UK, which provided support in the development of the drug and could benefit from its royalties, said it believed that NICE might have overestimated the number of people who needed the drug.

It said that if the regulator rethought the criteria used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of the drug, there is a chance it could be made available under special arrangements for treating people at the end of their lives.

NICE said it had already used the appropriate methods in its review, and concluded that the number men who would need the drug was too large to consider such agreements.

Almost 500 men have successfully applied for abiraterone in the past nine months through the alternative route of the Cancer Drugs Fund in England, an initiative designed to increase access to drugs.

Until final guidelines are issued by the health regulator, decisions can continue to be made locally about the use of abiraterone.

Each year 37,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, and more than 10,000 die from it.

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Fried food ’fine for heart’ if cooked with olive oil 用橄欖油煎炸食物，不會傷害心臟

2012-01-31T04:11:00.001-08:00

《中英對照讀新聞》Fried food ’fine for heart’ if cooked with olive oil 用橄欖油煎炸食物，不會傷害心臟

◎陳維真

Eating fried food may not be bad for the heart, as long as you use olive or sunflower oil to make it, experts say.

專家表示，吃油煎炸的食物不見得會傷害心臟，只要你使用的是橄欖油或葵花油。

They found no heightened risk of heart disease or premature death linked to food that had been cooked in this way. But the investigators stress that their findings, from studying the typical Spanish diet in which these "healthy" oils are found in abundance, do not apply to lard or other cooking oils. So traditional fry ups should not be the order of the day.

專家發現，心臟疾病或早死機率增加和以這種方式烹煮的食物沒有關聯。不過專家強調，研究發現是透過研究含有大量「健康」油的典型西班牙餐點，因此研究結果並不適用於豬油或其他烹飪油。所以，還是不該經常吃傳統的油煎食物。

When food is fried it becomes more calorific because the food absorbs the fat of the oils.And experts know that eating lots of fat-laden food can raise blood pressure and cause high cholesterol, which are risk factors for heart disease.

食物經過煎炸後熱量更多，因為食物吸取了油中的脂肪。專家知道吃下大量充滿脂肪的食物，可能導致血壓上升和造成膽固醇過高，兩者皆是心臟病的危險因素。

None of the adults had any sign of heart disease at the start of the 11-year study, but by the end of it 606 heart disease events and 1,134 deaths had occurred. When the researchers looked at these heart events in detail, they could find no link with fried food in the diet.

在這項長達11年的研究開始時，沒有任何人有心臟病的跡象，但研究結束時，有606人患心臟病，1134人因心臟病死亡。研究人員研究心臟病的詳細資料時，並未發現與飲食中的煎炸食物有關。

This, they believe, is down to the type of oil the food is cooked in.

研究人員相信，這是食物烹煮時使用的油所造成的。

Victoria Taylor, a senior heart health dietitian said : "We currently recommend swapping saturated fats like butter, lard or palm oil for unsaturated fats as a way of keeping your cholesterol down and this study gives further cause to make that switch."

維多利亞泰勒，資深心臟健康營養師表示，「現在我們建議將牛油、豬油或棕櫚油等飽和脂肪更換為不飽和脂肪，以降低膽固醇，這份研究就給了該做此改變的理由。」

新聞辭典

the order of the day：片語，某一時間必須做或經常做的事情。例句：Going to bed early was the order of the day when we were young.（早點上床睡覺是年輕時必須做的事情。）

calorific：熱量高、易致胖的。Daily caffeine drinks add more calories than we expect.（每天喝的咖啡因飲品讓我們吃進超出預期的熱量。）

be down to：片語，可歸咎於。例句：He claimed his problems were down to the media.（他宣稱自己的問題是媒體造成的。）

治過敏食品有效率低於五成

2012-01-23T19:14:00.000-08:00

食物アレルギー「食べて治す」は注意　治癒は半数以下

　食物アレルギーの原因となる食物を食べて治す「経口免疫療法」と呼ばれる治療法を受けても、治ったと言える患者は１～５割程度にとどまり、重い副作用を経験する例も多いことが、厚生労働省の研究でわかった。研究班は診療指針を改定し「現時点で一般診療として推奨しない」とした。

　食物の摂取量を増やしながら症状が出ないようにする治療法はまだ研究段階だが、研究班の調査では少なくとも４９施設が実施、１千人以上が受けていた。

　研究班は、卵や牛乳、小麦を摂取すると、じんましんや呼吸困難など複数の症状が出る子ども１７９人を治療した国立病院機構相模原病院の事例を分析。原因となる食物の目標量（鶏卵１個、牛乳２００ミリリットル、うどん２００グラム）を３カ月間取り続けても、アレルギー症状が出なかった患者に対し、２週間休止した後、食物をもう一度摂取して症状が出ないかどうかを確認した。

搶喝洋乳水長大的中國娃娃

2012-01-19T12:00:00.000-08:00

China | 19.01.2012

Baby formula trade skyrockets as Chinese look to Germany

Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: German dairy products are subsidized and thus comparatively cheap

Food scandals erupt regularly in China, with milk formula among those products most prone to contamination. Worried parents have therefore started buying non-Chinese powder online from countries such as Germany.

Prime Minister Wen Jiabao once said he had a dream that each child in China should have enough milk to drink - half a liter a day if possible. The consumption of milk has risen considerably over the past few years in this Asian country where milk was not traditionally drunk. However, this has coincided with a series of food scandals that have increased consumer distrust.

Last week, a baby in rural Jiangxi province died after allegedly drinking milk formula made by Synutra International, a leading Chinese formula company. In December, a quality watchdog found cancer-causing fungi in products made at Mengniu Dairy based in Inner Mongolia - one of the country's biggest. And in 2008, some 300,000 infants became ill and at least six died after drinking powdered milk that had been laced with melamine, an industrial chemical used to give misleading levels of protein.

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: In 2008, hundreds of thousands of infants became ill after drinking tainted milkXiao Xuan, who chose to use an alias, was studying in Germany at the time and started sending German powdered milk to her relatives. She then realized that many Chinese people were buying German formula online and started doing the math. Soon afterwards she launched an online baby formula business for Chinese consumers.

Every week, she visits the drugstore to buy large quantities of formula. She knows all about the different brands in terms of quality and price. Her online selection reflects the range available in many German supermarkets.

Xiao's company is one of 3,000 online sites selling German baby formula in China - and demand is growing.

Zhou Qing, who has published several books on food insecurity in China, says the scandals in the dairy industry can be attributed to the fact that there are many unqualified people in the field who have been attracted to the massive profits that can be made. He is not surprised that German formula is doing so well in China: "The price of milk powder is comparatively low because of subsidies."

This is one reason why Tina, a young mother from Shanghai, has turned to buying German formula. She told Deutsche Welle she was skeptical at first about using the Internet to buy powdered milk but she soon got used to it because it is so much cheaper than buying imported products in a supermarket. And what’s more, the quality is guaranteed.

Thanks to Germany's help, Wen Jiaobao's dream may soon come true.

Author: Liu Yi, Florian Struth (act)
Editor: Darren Mara

"black boxes" 黑盒子是安全的學習之鑰

2012-01-19T03:42:00.000-08:00

Road Safety Agency Is Urged to Add Expertise in Electronics Systems

By BILL VLASIC

In its study, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences called on the N.H.T.S.A. to refine its investigative techniques and push for "black boxes" that record data in car crashes.

陳寬仁介紹許多美國軍制與我國的差別。

我們談起前月宜蘭某兵工廠炸死許多專家的慘事。他介紹美國是如何慎重和一板一眼地做這種工作，美國還做許多錄影分析安全的做法，即拆炸彈的在工作時要每一個動作都要說出來……..。他還說在美國參觀 Linear Explosives 公司的防爆牆的構法…….該公司名字很怪，所以有印象。好像是叫McGormickselph，在 Hollister, Calif.山中。從舊金山沿101公路南下不遠左轉入山。品質月刊有專文(劉伯繩總編時代)。改天去找出來。

義大利遊蜓的地中海災難: 錯誤離譜

2012-01-16T19:20:00.000-08:00

Cruise ship owners accuse captain of 'inexplicable' error
Owners of a capsized cruise ship off the Italian coast have suggested Captain Francesco Schettino may be responsible for the deadly accident, while rough seas and weather forced rescue workers to suspend their efforts.

Owners of a capsized cruise ship off the Italian coast have suggested Captain Francesco Schettino may be responsible for the deadly accident, while rough seas and weather forced rescue workers to suspend their efforts.

Disasters | 16.01.2012

Rescue attempts resume on capsized Italian cruise ship

At least six people have been confirmed dead in the accident

Divers have resumed their efforts to rescue survivors of a capsized cruise ship off the Italian coast. Its owners have suggested the captain may have been responsible for the deadly accident.

Divers and coastguards resumed their attempts on Monday to rescue survivors of the cruise ship Costa Concordia, which capsized off the western Italian coast on Friday. The operation had been suspended earlier on Monday afternoon because the ship was found to have shifted approximately nine centimeters, apparently because of rough waters. The head of the coast guard's diving team, Rodolfo Raiteri, said an expected storm had led officials to remove all divers from the site because of "disastrous" conditions.

The CEO of Costa Crociere, the company which owns the ship, said Monday that the deadly accident was caused by an "inexplicable" error by the captain, who has been arrested on suspicion of manslaughter.

Pier Luigi Foschi told reporters that Captain Francesco Schettino, 51, made an unauthorized deviation from the Costa Concordia's scheduled course, a "human error" that caused the deaths of at least six people.

Foschi added that he expected a negative impact on the company's business, but that he was "hoping that the confidence of our customers will be restored." He also praised the members of rescue teams that have been searching the ship for survivors, saying they had "all behaved like heroes."

Schettino was arrested on Saturday on charges of manslaughter and causing a disaster. Witnesses and the Italian coast guard say he was seen abandoning the ship before all of the 4,200 passengers and crew members were evacuated. Italian navigation code allows for up to 12 years in prison for a captain who abandons a ship in danger.

Close to shore

Captain Francesco Schettino was arrested on SaturdayOn Friday, under clear weather and calm seas as dinner was being served, the ship struck a rock, tearing a large hole in the hull.

"The route followed by the ship was too close to the coast and it seems that [the captain's] decisions on the management of the emergency did not follow the procedures of Costa Crociere," the company said in a statement.

Schettino told Italian television that the rocks were not marked on maps and were undetected by the ship's navigation systems. He said the accident took place about 300 meters (330 yards) from shore.

Rescue workers found another body Monday morning, bringing the death toll to six. Late in the day, the Italian coast guard reported that 29 people were still unaccounted for, up from a previous estimate of 15. Four of the missing are crewmen, while 25 are passengers, among them at least 11 German citizens.

Environmental risk

The 290-meter-long ship lay on its side half submerged on Monday near the small island of Giglio off the Tuscan coast. A large hole in the hull was visible, but salvage experts said there was little risk of an oil spill because the fuel tanks appeared to have escaped the damage.

Foschi said the ship contained 2,300 metric tons of fuel, but that there had been no sign of leakage yet.

However, Italian Environment Minister Corrado Clini warned that the ship still posed a "very high risk" to the delicate coastal environment, and that "urgent action" was necessary to avert environmental catastrophe.

Author: Andrew Bowen, Richard Connor (AP, AFP, Reuters, dpa)
Editor: Michael Lawton

雞肉“被抗生”

2012-01-10T20:41:00.000-08:00

新闻报道 | 2012.01.10

德国人面临“被抗生”

据德新社消息，根据环境与自然保护联合协会抽查的超市鸡肉产品样本中有一半以上带有耐药性抗生素。耐药菌会导致药物的药性降低，甚至让药物对人体不起作用。德国联邦消费者保护部部长伊尔塞·爱格纳（Ilse Aigner）表示希望出台新法案，严控抗生素在养殖场的使用并改善控制措施

对症下药也没用

在今年夏天刚刚经过埃希大肠杆菌冲击的德国人再次面临"病从口入"的挑战，这次抽查的20种鸡肉食品中有11种带有抗药性的病菌，吃了这些抗生鸡，一些抗药性的病菌会留在人体内。德国联邦风险评估研究所食品安全部发言人昆得克(Jörgen Thier-Kundke)说，这些抗生鸡虽然吃起来味道和有机鸡肉一样鲜美，并且价格便宜，可是下了肚之后却后患无穷，他说："这种带有耐药菌的抗生素被摄入人体后，这些耐药菌会让人体产生抗药性，使药物作用减弱，甚至全然不起作用，包括其他的抗生素。这样，人们一旦生病，可是药物却起不了应有的作用，治愈的可能性减小。"

治病药不是预防针

北威州环境局去年11月份调查数据显示，北威州近千家养鸡场中，超过96%的鸡喂过抗生素。而且这个数字不仅反映出该州，也基本反映了全德的情况。一位不愿透露姓名的有机养殖场主表示，德国大多数养殖场频频使用抗生素是要保持家禽的健康。在大型养殖场，肉食鸡往往在狭窄的空间里生存，如果一旦有一只鸡生病很容易就殃及一大群鸡。大多养殖场防患于未然，为了最大程度上杜绝一批肉食鸡被传染疾病，按大约1％～2％的比例把抗生素添加到饲料中，发挥预防性作用。根据药品法，抗生素虽然是"处方药"，只能用于生病的家禽，而且只能从兽医那里获得使用许可，可是事实上，处方并不难要。另外，虽然在欧盟之内禁止使用含有抗生素的饲料，可是带有抗生素的生长促进剂无疑是让肉食鸡快速长大最有效率的饲料之一。

改善家禽生存条件才是关键

联邦农业及消费者保护部长埃格纳提交的改革草案中包括：屠宰主必须报告动物整个生命周期的药物治疗，而不是像现有条例中仅记录动物屠宰七天前的情况。在监管方面也要加强监督。德国农民协会和养鸡业协会发言人赫维斯（Christiane Riewerts）表示，在2010年，德国人均鸡肉消费量每年为20公斤左右。随着近几年人均食用的鸡肉类食品越来越多，人类"被抗生"的机率也越来越大，减少抗生鸡的出现刻不容缓:"在未来五年内我们希望通过各种措施减少30%的抗生素使用量。这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，我们希望通过更好地记录和监管抗生素的使用达到这个目标，要从根本上减少家禽发病率，更好的改善养殖场情况，使禽类有更多的生存空间，改善鸡窝卫生、给饲料增加营养。"

赫维斯补充道，尽管有些鸡肉类食品含有抗生素，不过消费者保护和食品安全调查显示，超市里面的鸡肉类产品不含有对人体有害的抗生素，从这个角度来说，消费者仍可食用德国的鸡肉制品。

不仅在德国，在整个欧洲，这种使人体产生抗药性的耐药菌也令人担忧，欧洲疾病预防中心总监斯鹏格（Marc Sprenger）接受路透社采访时表示，现在如果不采取一些措施，未来面对病毒性感染时，医生很有可能找不到可以对付耐药菌的药物，束手无策的看着病人无药可救。

作者：文暮

责编：李鱼

Diet 'can stop brain shrinking'

2012-01-09T03:38:00.000-08:00

Alzheimer's: Diet 'can stop brain shrinking'

By Helen Briggs Health editor, BBC News website

Diet affected tests of memory and thinking skills

A diet rich in vitamins and fish may protect the brain from ageing while junk food has the opposite effect, research suggests.

Elderly people with high blood levels of vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids had less brain shrinkage and better mental performance, a Neurology study found.

Trans fats found in fast foods were linked to lower scores in tests and more shrinkage typical of Alzheimer's.

A UK medical charity has called for more work into diet and dementia risk.

The best current advice is to eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables, not smoke, take regular exercise and keep blood pressure and cholesterol in check, said Alzheimer's Research UK.

“Start Quote

There is a clear need for conclusive evidence about the effect of diet on our risk of Alzheimer's, which can only come from large-scale, long-term studies”

Dr Simon Ridley Alzheimer's Research UK

The research looked at nutrients in blood, rather than relying on questionnaires to assess a person's diet.

US experts analysed blood samples from 104 healthy people with an average age of 87 who had few known risk factors for Alzheimer's.

They found those who had more vitamin B, C, D and E in their blood performed better in tests of memory and thinking skills. People with high levels of omega 3 fatty acids - found mainly in fish - also had high scores. The poorest scores were found in people who had more trans fats in their blood.

Trans fats are common in processed foods, including cakes, biscuits and fried foods.

The researchers, from Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Portland VA Medical Center; and Oregon State University, Corvallis, then carried out brain scans on 42 of the participants.

They found individuals with high levels of vitamins and omega 3 in their blood were more likely to have a large brain volume; while those with high levels of trans fat had a smaller total brain volume.

Study author Gene Bowman of Oregon Health and Science University said: "These results need to be confirmed, but obviously it is very exciting to think that people could potentially stop their brains from shrinking and keep them sharp by adjusting their diet."

'Strong potential'

Co-author Maret Traber of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University said: "The vitamins and nutrients you get from eating a wide range of fruits, vegetables and fish can be measured in blood biomarkers.

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia
Symptoms include loss of memory, mood changes, and problems with communication and reasoning
No one single factor has been identified as a cause for Alzheimer's disease - a combination of factors, including age, genes, environment, lifestyle and general health are implicated
Source: Alzheimer's Society

"I'm a firm believer these nutrients have strong potential to protect your brain and make it work better."

Commenting on the study, Dr Simon Ridley, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said:

"One strength of this research is that it looked at nutrients in people's blood, rather than relying on answers to a questionnaire.

"It's important to note that this study looked at a small group of people with few risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, and did not investigate whether they went on to develop Alzheimer's at a later stage.

"There is a clear need for conclusive evidence about the effect of diet on our risk of Alzheimer's, which can only come from large-scale, long-term studies."

Subject : 劉秀枝醫師只想告訴你,他失智了親愛的朋友===如果您還年輕,

請把這文章轉給您年紀大一點的朋友或長輩參!

劉秀枝醫師只想告訴你,他失智了!!
劉秀枝國立陽明大學兼任教授、臺北榮總特約醫師。 2010/09/08

親愛的朋友，我寫這封信只是想告訴大家我失智了

不過，不必震驚，目前還是輕度，否則我也無法寫這封信。當然，有些字眼想不起來，許多事情無法串在一起，思緒也常會中斷，因此這封信是在妹妹幫忙之下完成的。

今年70歲的我，比各位年長許多，常和大家一齊聚餐、打高爾夫球、出國旅遊，相識相知，受大家的照顧已20年。妹妹常怪我不用心，丟三落四，一問再問，還把約定的日期搞錯。在一次出門忘了關水龍頭，把水塔?堛漱臛ㄛy光後，妹妹帶我去看神經科醫師，經過仔細檢查，醫師告訴我得了失智症，是大腦退化所造成的阿茲海默症，並且開藥讓我服用，希望能退化得慢一點。

從此，當我又忘了，妹妹不再有「不是告訴過你了」的責備語氣，或我反覆？說時，也不會有「你說過好幾次了」的奇怪眼神，反而是輕聲細語的說「沒關係」或「我替你記住就好」，我就知道我是真的病了！

我的高爾夫球技一向差，但最近半年來，連每一洞打了幾桿都記不清楚，到底揮的是第二桿還第三桿？球友都會幫我算桿數或請桿弟幫我算。
那天打了幾洞後，我忽然問：「我們現在是打第一洞嗎？」看到球友們驚愕的眼光，我覺得是對大家坦承我失智的時候了。

醫師說生病並不可恥，身體每一個器官都可能生病，失智症是大腦的疾病，就好像膽結石是膽囊的疾病；乳癌是乳房的疾病一樣。
然而，我變得很沒有信心，容易恐慌，因為我不知道我將要踏出去的每一步對不對，要說出的話是不是已經說了多次，而且心裡想的無法表達，愈急愈講不出來。我常覺得氣喘不過來，在餐廳吃一頓飯，會上好幾次洗手間，兒子帶我去看心臟科和泌尿外科醫師，都說沒事，是因為緊張的關係。

我瞭解我的記性和其他認知功能就像雙手握滿東西般，一面走，會一件一件的掉，甚至像沙灘上腳下的流沙，會很快的流失。也許有一天，我熟悉的路不會走，也叫不出你的名字，最終可能不會吃飯盥洗。但目前還是輕度失智的我還能揮桿，享受小白球進洞的喜悅，能享受美食，欣賞美景，也還聽得懂笑話，更能感受到大家的關愛，也許過後就不記得，的確是「活在當下」。

如果我們能攙扶一位因中風而行動不便的朋友，當他的柺杖，讓他慢慢走，也希望大家能接受一位因失智而容易遺忘的朋友，做他的引導，讓他慢慢來。

編按：劉秀枝醫師專欄這次刊登一封非常感人的信，平靜地道出輕度失智者的心聲，此信係獲得這位可敬的女士同意後刊載。
15個不會失智的生活習慣
如果大腦是銀行，你的存款夠多嗎？
儲備充足的腦力存款，從今天開始。

有人問知名的神經學家斯默爾（Gary Small）醫師：年齡多大就太遲了？就算改變壞習慣，也不能保護自己的腦子了？
斯默爾醫師說，「請聽我大聲說明白：永遠不嫌晚，只要今天開始改善生活型態，就可以開始修復昨天的損傷。」

為了保持大腦的青春，必須改變生活型態，這些生活型態不僅可以照顧大腦，多數也能維持體能強健，不僅你的身體，連你的大腦也會變年輕。
1.細嚼慢嚥
日本神經內科醫學博士米山公啟說，老人家愈缺少健全牙齒，罹患失智症的比例愈高。因為咀嚼時，大腦皮質區的血液循環量會增加，而且咀嚼也會激發腦神經的活動。
2.曬太陽
台中榮總老人身心科主任卓良珍也建議，預防失智要多外出走走曬太陽。因為陽光能促進神經生長因子，像「長頭髮」一樣，使神經纖維增長。現在已經有專家研究曬太陽的量是否與失智症的發展有關，雖暫無定論，但每天接受陽光照射，至少能形成較好的睡眠模式，比較不容易憂鬱。
3.列清單
「無論任何年紀，健全記憶運作關鍵都在於注意力，」
美國紐約西奈山醫學院記憶增強計劃執行主任史威爾醫師說。
他建議，藉由列下工作清單，將每日工作設立一個嚴格的程序，無論工作困難與否，都能幫助有效完成工作。
所以你可以試試規定自己中午11點半才讀E-mail，或是直到工作完成到某一個程度才回覆一些較不緊急的電話，或是付完帳單才做別的事。
4.吃早餐
吃早餐不僅為了健康，也為了大腦。過去常有人說小孩沒吃早餐上課無法專心，這是對的。因為大腦不具有儲存葡萄糖的構造，隨時需要供應熱量。經過一夜之後，大腦的血糖濃度偏低，如果不供應熱量，你會想睡、容易激動，也難以學習新知。
5.開車繫安全帶騎車戴安全帽
頭骨雖然很硬，腦卻很軟。無論年紀老少，腦傷對一生影響極大。
你開車時不繫安全帶或邊講手機嗎？
請戒掉腦傷風險的行為，也避免會重創腦部的運動。
6.做家事
別小看做家事，做家事不僅要用腦規劃工作次序，也要安排居家空間。
曬棉被、衣服需要伸展身體，使用吸塵器也會使用到下半身肌肉。
只要運用肌肉，便會使用到大腦額葉的運動區。
況且，將骯髒油膩的碗盤洗乾淨、將髒亂房間整理清潔，
成就感的刺激，也能為大腦帶來快感。
7.多喝水
大腦有八成是水，只要缺水都會妨礙思考。
臨床神經科學家、精神科醫師亞蒙（Daneil G. Amen）曾經掃瞄過一位知名的健美先生，他的腦部影像很像毒癮患者，但他激烈否認。
後來得知他拍照前為了看起來瘦一點，曾大量失水?而掃瞄的前一天他才剛拍照。
後來經過水分補充後，腦部的影像看起來正常多了。
8.跟人笑笑打招呼
主動和別人打招呼吧。
卓良珍主任認為，打招呼不但有人際互動，降低憂鬱症的風險，而且為了主動打招呼，要記住對方的人名與外型特徵，也能提高自己的腦力。
9.每週走一條新路
打破舊習、嘗試不熟悉的事可以激發短期記憶，建立大腦解讀訊息的能力。
例如嘗試改變每天從家裡走到車站的路線或是改變每天下車的車站，嘗試早一站或晚一站下車，或改變每天坐車的時間，單是做這項，就能對前額葉產生刺激。
10.健走
身體懶得動對大腦很辛苦。
有氧運動最好，可以使心跳加速，而且有些動作需要協調四肢可以活化小腦，促進思考，提高認知和資訊處理的速度。
有氧運動很簡單，穿起球鞋出門健走即可。
美國伊利諾大學研究發現，只要每週健走3次、每次50分鐘就能使思考敏捷。
11.深呼吸
當你很焦慮時，做什麼都難。
美國清晰大腦網站負責人芙喃達茲Alvaro Fernandezs提供一個取巧的冥想法：
閉上眼睛、大拇指按小拇指，想像運動後美好的感覺，深呼吸30秒。
然後大拇指按無名指，想像任何你喜歡的事物30秒，然後再按中指回想一個受關愛的時刻30秒，最後按食指回想一個美麗的地方30秒。
12.看電視少於1小時
看電視通常不需用到腦，所以愈少這麼做愈好。
澳洲的研究人員在網路上測試29500人的長期記憶與短期記憶，發現記憶力較好的人每天看電視的時間少於1小時。
13.吃葉酸和維生素B12
這兩種維生素可以控制血液中會傷害大腦的同半胱胺酸。
瑞士的研究發現，230位60歲以上的人攝取這兩種維生素過低，罹患失智症的機率是適量攝取的人的4倍。
富含葉酸的食物如四季豆、蘆筍等，維生素B12如鮭魚、沙丁魚等。
長庚醫院神經內科系主治醫師徐文俊提醒，維生素B12只存在於葷食，素食者要特別透過維他命補充。
14.吃香喝辣
吃咖哩可以預防失智，因為咖哩中的薑黃素是一種高效能的抗氧化劑，可以抑制氧化作用傷害細胞，還能預防腦細胞突觸消失。
薑黃不只用在咖哩，也用在抹在熱狗上的黃芥末。
15.每天都要用牙線
美國20∼59歲上千個個案的研究發現，牙齦炎、牙周病和晚年認知功能障礙有關。
所以，聽從牙醫的建議，每天都要用牙線，每次刷牙的時間至少超過2分鐘。

Europe offers contradictory advice over faulty breast implants

2012-01-07T16:47:00.001-08:00

Health | 07.01.2012

Europe offers contradictory advice over faulty breast implants

All officials recommended at least regular implant checks

European authorities have given conflicting advice over faulty French-made breast implants. Germany has followed France in recommending removal, but Britain has played down possible health risks.

Germany and the Czech Republic on Friday followed France in recommending that potentially defective French-made breast implants be removed.

The German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices advised women with implants made by Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) to have them taken out "as a precautionary measure" after evidence emerged that they may pose a potential health risk. The Czech health ministry offered similar advice to the 2,000 women in the Czech Republic believed to be at risk.

Yet Britain's Department of Health insisted on Friday that an independent review had found that there was little evidence to suggest the implants could be linked to cancer cases, although it was unclear whether they were more prone to rupture.

Concern over the implants, which contain industrial-grade silicone, first arose when the French government advised 30,000 women to have them removed over fears they were more prone to rupturing than standard medical implants.

PIP sold thousands of implants in over 60 countries

Germany's advice goes beyond a December 23 recommendation that women affected should have their implants checked for possible ruptures, claiming that experts had warned that silicone from such implants can leak over time even if there is no rupture.

"The urgency for removal in each case depends mainly on how long the patients have had the implants," Walter Schwerdtfeger, president of the Federal Office for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, said in a statement.

Thousands affected

The institute said it was uncertain how many women received the implants in Germany. PIP claimed, however that around 300,000 implants were sold in more than 60 countries before the company went out of business in 2010. In an official investigation it was accused of seeking to save money by using an unapproved industrial silicone in some of its products rather than a medical silicone.

France has offered to pay for some 30,000 French women to have their implants removed, after more than 1,000 rupture cases.

Author: Charlotte Chelsom-Pill (AP, Reuters)

Editor: Sean Sinico

感謝有您邁向2012

2011-12-29T17:29:00.000-08:00

感謝有您 邁向2012

hc的”剪貼簿”在2011年約有25萬人次造訪

戴明圈: A Taiwanese Deming Circle

"交情千千" 電子連絡簿(日報)

胡適的世界 The World of Hu Shih

管理學新生

 Books Birdviews 書海

 People 人物

 品質世界 quality world

教育人

 英文人行道 et cetera, et cetera .

漢語人行道：演變風貌

 譯藝

 英國風

 日本心得帖

 亞洲

 SHE健康一生

Report slams response to nuclear crisis

2011-12-28T16:32:00.000-08:00

2011年12月28日 13:48 PM
日本公佈福島核事故調查中期報告
Report slams response to nuclear crisis
英國《金融時報》中本美智代東京報導

The operator of the Fukushima nuclear power plant and its regulators all failed in their duty to adequately prepare for and respond promptly to a major emergency, contributing to the worst nuclear accident in a quarter century, according to a committee investigating the disaster.

調查日本核事故的委員會表示，福島第一核電站(Fukushima Daiichi)運營商及其監管機構均未能履行自己的職責，沒有為重大突發事件做好充足準備並迅速作出回應，從而導致了25年來最嚴重的核事故。

Tokyo Electric Power, the operator of the Fukushima plant, and its regulators were so unprepared for a major nuclear emergency that they lacked even the basic safety measures to respond to a disaster of the scale that hit Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the wake of the March 11 tsunami, the committee states in an interim report of its findings.

該委員會在其發布的中期調查報告中表示，福島第一核電站運營商東京電力公司(Tokyo Electric Power)及其監管機構完全沒有為應對一場突發的重大核事故做好準備，以致於在今年3月11日海嘯之後，他們甚至沒有對福島第一核電站發生的巨大災難採取基本的安全措施。

Tepco's off-site emergency response headquarters for example, was housed in a building that “was not designed to withstand elevated radiation levels, although it was intended for use in nuclear emergencies”, and did not even have air cleaning filters, it says.

該委員會稱，例如，東京電力公司的遠程應急總部所在的大樓“在最初設計時沒有考慮抵禦增強的輻射水平，儘管他們打算在發生核事故時啟用這些設施”，他們甚至沒有空氣淨化過濾器。

“Tepco did not take precautionary measures in anticipation that a severe accident could be caused by tsunami such as the one (that hit Fukushima Daiichi) … Neither did the regulatory authorities,” the committee states in its report.

委員會在報告中表示：“東電沒有預計到（重創第一核電站的）海嘯可能造成嚴重事故，因此沒有採取預防措施……監管機構也是如此。”

The committee of 10 independent experts, which was commissioned by the government, also cites insufficient information gathering and poor communication among those in the government, the regulators and at Tepco as major factors that worsened the situation.

由10位獨立專家組成的委員會是接受政府委託進行調查的。該委員會還認為信息收集不充分，政府、監管機構和東電內部溝通不暢是造成局勢惡化的主要因素。

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, following the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan's northeastern coast, led to explosions at three reactors and the release of high levels of radioactivity into the atmosphere and ocean.

今年3月11日，日本東北海岸地區發生了地震和海嘯，此後發生的福島第一核電站的核事故導致三座核反應堆發生爆炸，並向大氣和海洋釋放了高濃度的核輻射。

An area of up to 20km from the site has been closed off, more than 110,000 people have been forced to evacuate their homes and concerns about radioactive contamination plague farmers, fishermen and consumers alike.

距事故發生地至多20公里的區域被封鎖，逾11萬人被迫撤離家園，農民、漁民和消費者擔心受到核輻射的污染。

It comes as the utility faces the prospect of nationalisation, to prevent bankruptcy, as the costs of compensating victims and decommissioning the damaged power plants threaten to increase liabilities in excess of assets.

委員會發布調查報告之際，東電為補償受害者和停運受損核電站而發生的成本有可能導致負債超過資產。為防止破產，該公司正面臨被國有化的前景。

The committee, which is set to continue its investigation until next summer, concludes that Japan's nuclear disaster prevention programme “had serious shortfalls” and calls for a “paradigm shift” in the country's approach to disaster prevention.

委員會將在明年夏季完成最終調查。它得出結論稱，日本的預防核災難方案“存在嚴重缺陷”，該國應“根本轉變”其預防災難的方式。

譯者/何黎

“設計缺陷和管理不善”是動車事故主因

2011-12-28T16:30:00.001-08:00

新聞報導 | 2011.12.28
“設計缺陷和管理不善”是動車事故主因

7·23事故現場
7·23事故現場
週三，中國國務院發布了關於高速鐵路安全大檢查情況報告，認為設計缺陷和管理不善是造成7·23特大動車事故的主要原因。有54名相關責任人要接受調查處理。

12月28日，中國總理溫家寶召開國務院常務會議，聽取了關於中國高鐵安全檢查的報告。據法新社報導，這份備受矚目的報告認為，今年夏天造成至少40人死亡，近200受傷的甬溫線動車追尾事故主要事故原因是：列車控制中心存在嚴重的設計缺陷、上道使用審查不嚴、雷擊導致故障之後應急處理不力等人為原因。該報告還指出，在7·23動車追尾事故發生之後，"在事故搶險救援過程中，鐵道部和上海鐵路局存在處置不當、信息發布不及時、對社會關切回應不准確等問題，在社會上造成不良影響。"

這一動車事故不僅造成了嚴重的傷亡和損失，而且在社會上引起了強烈的批評浪潮。中國政府也不得不暫時控制高速鐵路的發展速度。廣大網民和微博用戶要求查清真相，為什麼在前面一列火車因故障停下來之後，後面的一列動車竟然沒有及時得到相關信息。還有很多網民對於官方公佈的死亡人數表示質疑。甚至中國共產黨的黨報《人民日報》也發表文章呼籲，發展必須安全至上，不要"帶血的GDP"。

動車事故也成為2011熱點新聞話題動車事故也成為2011熱點新聞話題

根據周三公佈的國務院報告，原鐵道部部長劉志軍、原副總工程師兼運輸局局長張曙光負有主要領導責任，因涉嫌嚴重違紀違法，另案一併處理。除此之外，還有鐵道部的多名高層幹部、通信信號公司的相關負責人都被認定有重要領導責任，給予相應的處分，並就他們是否涉嫌犯罪立案調查。

劉志軍今年2月因貪污腐敗指控而被免職，據悉，他涉嫌從與中國高速鐵路建設相關項目中貪污了超過8億人民幣。

包括動車組在內的中國高速鐵路網2007年才開通使用，但是由於國家投入巨資支持，高鐵網以驚人的速度發展膨脹，截至今年年底，全國高速鐵路全長已達8358公里，為全世界之最。 2010年12月，鐵道部宣布，中國的高速鐵路最高時速能夠達到486公里，創下世界紀錄。但是在高速鐵路正式投入運營之後不久，種種問題就接連暴露：多次出現列車因遭遇雷擊而斷電停車的情況，而7月23日的動車追尾事故更是造成了嚴重的傷亡。目前，出於安全問題的擔憂，中國當局決定，將高鐵運行速度控制在300公里/小時以內。

來源：法新社，編譯：雨涵

責編：達揚

新闻报道 | 2011.12.28

“设计缺陷和管理不善”是动车事故主因

7·23事故现场

周三，中国国务院发布了关于高速铁路安全大检查情况报告，认为设计缺陷和管理不善是造成7·23特大动车事故的主要原因。有54名相关责任人要接受调查处理。

12月28日，中国总理温家宝召开国务院常务会议，听取了关于中国高铁安全检查的报告。据法新社报道，这份备受瞩目的报告认为，今年夏天造成至少40人死亡，近200受伤的甬温线动车追尾事故主要事故原因是：列车控制中心存在严重的设计缺陷、上道使用审查不严、雷击导致故障之后应急处理不力等人为原因。该报告还指出，在7·23动车追尾事故发生之后，"在事故抢险救援过程中，铁道部和上海铁路局存在处置不当、信息发布不及时、对社会关切回应不准确等问题，在社会上造成不良影响。"

这一动车事故不仅造成了严重的伤亡和损失，而且在社会上引起了强烈的批评浪潮。中国政府也不得不暂时控制高速铁路的发展速度。广大网民和微博用户要求查清真相，为什么在前面一列火车因故障停下来之后，后面的一列动车竟然没有及时得到相关信息。还有很多网民对于官方公布的死亡人数表示质疑。甚至中国共产党的党报《人民日报》也发表文章呼吁，发展必须安全至上，不要"带血的GDP"。

动车事故也成为2011热点新闻话题

根据周三公布的国务院报告，原铁道部部长刘志军、原副总工程师兼运输局局长张曙光负有主要领导责任，因涉嫌严重违纪违法，另案一并处理。除此之外，还有铁道部的多名高层干部、通信信号公司的相关负责人都被认定有重要领导责任，给予相应的处分，并就他们是否涉嫌犯罪立案调查。

刘志军今年2月因贪污腐败指控而被免职，据悉，他涉嫌从与中国高速铁路建设相关项目中贪污了超过8亿人民币。

包括动车组在内的中国高速铁路网2007年才开通使用，但是由于国家投入巨资支持，高铁网以惊人的速度发展膨胀，截至今年年底，全国高速铁路全长已达 8358公里，为全世界之最。2010年12月，铁道部宣布，中国的高速铁路最高时速能够达到486公里，创下世界纪录。但是在高速铁路正式投入运营之后不久，种种问题就接连暴露：多次出现列车因遭遇雷击而断电停车的情况，而7月23日的动车追尾事故更是造成了严重的伤亡。目前，出于安全问题的担忧，中国当局决定，将高铁运行速度控制在300公里/小时以内。

来源：法新社，编译：雨涵

责编：达扬

東海300師生抗議工廠長期廢氣凌虐

2011-12-23T03:11:00.000-08:00

工廠廢氣染黑聖誕　東海300師生抗議

2011年12月23日18:30 蘋果即時

東海大學緊鄰台中工業區，長期以來為工業區飄散的惡臭所苦，師生忍無可忍。東海大學學生日前發起「東海反工業區臭氣聯盟」，自主發起連署「黑色聖誕大遊行」，300名師生今天中午於東海大學校門口集合，頭綁戰鬥頭巾、持抗議標語，繞行校園後，於下午遊行至台中工業區世佑壁紙工廠，途經台中市工業區服務中心，將投遞陳情書與民怨箱，要求業者與環保局「踹共」。

抗議學生表示，該廠長期排放廢氣，污染空氣，師生反應多次無效，只好走上街頭，要求業者撤廠，公部門也應發揮監督力。

工業局中區工業區管理處表示，經濟部已積極輔導業者改善，遷廠事關重大，須協調市府召集相關單位評估。台中市環保局則表示，該廠於2008年曾挨罰，2009年和去年師生檢舉，但檢測未超標，今年5月抽驗，該廠確造成污染，已開罰10萬元，上月複查又違規，再開罰370萬元，業者還在訴願中。

東海大學師生發動「黑色聖誕」遊行，抗議工業區1壁紙工廠排放廢氣。林建鋒攝

手機充電器污染問題持續

2011-12-20T16:55:00.001-08:00

圖為消基會呼籲手機業者統一充電器的接頭規格，並強制廠商付費回收充電器和電池，以免污染問題持續。(資料照片) 手機充電器規格不一是許多消費者的困擾，國家通訊傳播委員會(NCC)19日宣布，下月起新生產的手機，若充電器手機端接頭不是USB micro-B規格，必須提供轉接頭， ...

SHE 消息/評論

2011-12-19T19:05:00.000-08:00

昨天電視報導台北某大樓清潔工未有安全裝置從11/13樓摔下慘死

【征文大賽】我看中國環保——環評本身制約以及環評編寫者造假嚴重 　　早在十一五規劃，已將環境問題提上了，盡管環境（官方統計）

有一定的改善，但相信大部分的人民並沒有這種感覺，反而可能是覺得環境越發糟糕……

當心麵粉團的衛生

2011-12-18T22:46:00.000-08:00

Beware of Raw Cookie Dough

By ANAHAD O'CONNOR

A new study that investigated the cause of a large outbreak of E. coli in 2009 pointed the blame at raw cookie dough.

Lead From Old U.S. Batteries Sent to Mexico Raises Risks

2011-12-08T19:59:00.001-08:00

Lead From Old U.S. Batteries Sent to Mexico Raises Risks

By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL 44 minutes ago

The used batteries Americans turn in for recycling are increasingly processed in Mexico, their lead often extracted by crude methods that are illegal in the United States.

Union Carbide subsidiary in Bhopal, India 1984

2011-12-03T00:55:00.000-08:00

此次事故是全球公共安全史的要事資料很多
On Dec. 3, 1984, more than 4,000 people died after a cloud of gas escaped from a pesticide plant operated by a Union Carbide subsidiary in Bhopal, India.

safety risk in the event of an accident of electric cars/福島から県外への避難６万人突破

2011-11-29T00:09:00.000-08:00

GM's Volt Woes Cast Shadow on E-Cars

For the past several years, the federal government has spent hundreds of millions of dollars promoting the development of electric cars. Now regulators are investigating whether the big battery packs used by GM's Volt model pose a safety risk in the event of an accident.

福島から県外への避難６万人突破　３カ月で約９千人増

台北市的路平專案讓某騎士車禍喪命/Our Own Worst Enemies

2011-11-23T19:06:00.000-08:00

台北市的路平專案的某師公地缺警示標誌
讓某騎士車禍喪命
---

Our Own Worst Enemies

這是一篇語焉不詳的文摘
它在推銷所謂的"最佳實務"
因為牽涉到杜邦公司 (當然他不是非常好的公司不過很多事情和想法值得參考)
我對作者的心術表懷疑

宜蘭兵工廠爆炸六人相繼過世/卡車駕駛員的肥胖奮鬥

2011-11-21T15:26:00.000-08:00

Brandon Thibodeaux for The New York Times

Occupational Hazard for Truckers: Obesity

By ABBY ELLIN

Facing high insurance costs and driver health tests, trucking companies want to change truckers’ habits. Above, Roy Williams tries to eat better and exercise.

宜蘭兵工廠爆炸六人相繼過世

發生在宜蘭204兵工廠的爆炸案、又傳出一名雇員__曹長發傷重不治，到目前為止、已經有6人不幸罹難。

三軍總醫院表示，56歲雇員曹長發全身面積90%二度到三度燒燙傷，18日病況惡化，晚間由醫院醫師陪同返家，19日凌晨在家中過世。目前仍在三軍總醫院接受治療的是全身55%燒燙傷黃銀裕，目前狀況穩定，也不需使用葉克膜治療。另外一位是42歲士官長張俊德，燒傷面積11%，在進行植皮手術之後，已在前天出院回家休養。

(2011-11-21 20:00) 公視晚間新聞

Rewiring the Brain to Ease Pain

2011-11-15T23:41:00.001-08:00

Rewiring the Brain to Ease Pain

Mind-body approaches to chronic pain, such as meditation and tai chi, are proving surprisingly effective in clinical trials, showing that people can change how their brains respond to pain.

蘋論：中油偷偷污染河流/人民對政府失去信心

2011-11-08T18:23:00.000-08:00

蘋論：中油偷偷污染河流

2011年 11月09日

環保團體今年春季強烈抗議興建國光石化廠（八輕），政府頗不以為然，還為國光石化辯護，聲稱不會污染環境云云。吳敦義著名的「吳氏原理」：白海豚自己會轉彎，就是國光石化爭論時的名言。

人民對政府失去信心

還好政府最後決定停止興建國光石化；若強制興建，昨天爆出高雄後勁地區的中油煉油廠，偷偷排放廢水多年，害得附近臭不可聞的新聞，豈不造成更大的抗爭運動？馬英九在南部還想不想要選票？現在因政府紕漏連連而使馬的支持度從超過蔡英文最多時的10趴，已經跌到3趴左右，中油的排污事件足夠讓馬吳再脫一層皮。
這件事誇張到不行。其荒唐處在於：一，中油是國營機構、等於政府的一部分，竟然「偷偷」趁下雨把污水排放到後勁溪。堂堂國營企業年營業額數百億，竟然猥猥瑣瑣偷偷排放廢水，成何體統？二，本來若各事業體的廢水將超過儲存槽容量時，下雨天可以排放多餘的廢水量。但中油鑽此漏洞排放的竟是高濃度揮發性有機物VOCs污水。三，後勁溪果然有強烈後勁，久而久之造成後勁、左營、楠梓地區瀰漫著異味、臭味，影響居民的生活品質與健康。四，環保署查出是中油的問題，並掌握近3年來共高達55次的不法排放廢水，將依《行政罰法》加重裁罰2630萬元。這筆錢對富可敵國的中油不過九牛一毛。
這件事說明了什麼？說明了政府信誓旦旦地保證國光、核四絕無問題是信口開河、胡說八道。就算真的有上帝擔保，順利無礙，民眾也無法相信，只能焦慮地生活在附近剉咧等。對政府失去信心，人民會政治冷漠，並產生反政府的心理狀態，有損政治穩定的基礎。

應查明內情撤職主管

環保早已成為現代政府新加進去的任務之一。政府比民眾及私部門更須守法，否則沒有立場要民眾守法。中油這個政府部門，竟比一般民間工廠還肆無忌憚地污染河流；河流進入地下成為地下水和灌溉水，污染了飲水、土壤、稻米、蔬果，以及養殖業餵養的魚、蝦等水族食品，其傷害性非常廣大，受害民眾也多不勝數。
這不是哪家私人奸商在造業，而是政府領頭作孽。率獸食人，就是這個意思。政府應查明後撤職相關的領導人員。

台灣的吃東西比快大賽: 生病後健保收攤

2011-11-04T05:03:00.000-07:00

台湾の早食い大会ブーム、参加後の国民保険利用に「待った」？

【11月4日 AFP】台湾の監察院は3日、早食い大会の流行に歯止めをかける動きとして、早食い大会出場後に診療を受けようとする参加者の医療費を、国民健康保険から負担すべきではないとする声明を発表した。

　声明は「頻繁に行われている早食い大会は健康を損なうだけではなく、公平という原則にも違反している。食べ過ぎで具合が悪くなった参加者が、国民健康保険を利用しているからだ」と述べ、そのような患者に対しては、財源がひっ迫している国民健康保険からの医療費負担を拒否するよう保健当局に求めている。

　国民健康保険の運営体のある職員はAFPに対し、「早食い大会の主催者たちに、かかった医療費を自分たちで負担するよう要請を始めたところだ」と話した。

　監察院は、政府機関に対しても、早食い大会の主催や後援をしないよう要請した。メディアに対しては、大会を宣伝する際に警告も加えるよう求めた。

　台湾では肥満人口が急激に増加している。過体重または肥満の子供の割合は、12年前の6％から2009年には25％になった。最近の調査によると、台湾人が好む余暇の過ごし方は「外食」。早食い大会の数も増え続けている。

　2008年には、大学で行われたパンの早食い大会で、大学院生がパンをのどに詰まらせて窒息死する事故が起きている。(c)AFP

法新社 - 台灣檢驗，4月11日研究所 - 5月3日，作為移動到停止進食的速度競賽的傳播，對參與者的醫療費用進行上場後飲食大賽，國民健康保險負擔醫療已發表聲明，不應該。

聲明“吃比賽是經常舉辦，不僅損害健康，這也違背了公平原則。與會者與食用過多生病，使用國民健康保險因為“他表示，對於此類患者，衛生當局正在設法拒絕從國家健康保險基金已緊張的醫療費用。

一個用於操作的AFP國民健康保險的僱員，“吃的速度競賽的組織者，剛開始要求由它支付的醫療費用了，”他說。

檢驗機構，甚至政府機構，並呼籲支持者不要進食速度競賽組織者。該媒體還敦促增加在推動事件的警告。

台灣肥胖人口迅速增加。兒童的比例是在2009年超重或肥胖，6％至25％是12年前。根據最近的研究中，人們寧願花誰在台灣的休閒時間是“吃”。吃的速度競賽越來越多。

2008年，麵包吃在大學舉行的比賽速度，將是意外麵包嗆研究生扼殺了。（C）法新社

High Fatality Rate for Low-Cost Buses

2011-11-01T01:33:00.001-07:00

David Karp/Associated Press

High Fatality Rate for Low-Cost Buses

By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM

A federal investigation found that fatalities are more likely when “curbside” carriers are involved in accidents. Above, a bus crash killed 15 people in the Bronx in March.

Childproofing: Crawling Your Way to Safety

2011-10-27T17:37:00.000-07:00

The Pragmatist

Childproofing: Crawling Your Way to Safety

By BOB TEDESCHI

Published: October 26, 2011

AFTER we closed on our new house 10 years ago, we stopped by with the kids — ages 2, 8 and 12 — to show them the place. We were there for no more than 15 minutes when we heard a loud pop just behind us and looked, in horror, to find our 2-year-old holding a key pointed at an outlet.

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I’m still not sure how she wasn’t hurt or killed.

Every family has its childproofing lapses. Most survive just fine, but the stakes are always high. To discuss the dangers, I spoke recently with three specialists: Colleen Driscoll, the executive director of the International Association for Child Safety, a trade association; Julie Vallese, a vice president of Dorel Juvenile Group, which makes Safety 1st childproofing products; and Don Mays, senior director of product safety for Consumer Reports. These experts underlined one lesson: if you get your childproofing advice from friends, don’t trust everything you hear.

That’s because childproofing has changed in recent years, both in the products offered and in the household hazards parents face. So, families with older children are working with yesterday’s ideas.

For example, our youngest child — our fourth — is 9, so we’re not too far removed from this topic. Yet those little plastic outlet covers that seem just fine to me are apparently now ruled unwise. Likewise, a video baby monitor sounds to me like a great new safety device. But I’m wrong again.

“We started seeing strangulations about three years ago,” Mr. Mays said, alluding to the monitor cords. “In one case, the very first day the child was able to stand up in the crib, the child grabbed the cord, got tangled and died.”

And even just a few years ago, flat-screen TVs were too expensive to put on every conceivable surface in the house — especially dressers. That is no longer true, and that’s a problem.

“If a child climbs on the drawers, that TV can come crashing down,” Ms. Driscoll said. “There have been lots of injuries and deaths associated with furniture and TV tip-overs.”

As for solutions, Ms. Vallese suggested starting early. “The best time to do this is before the child comes,” she said, “and before the craziness of being a parent sets in.”

Start low, too, she added.

“Get down to a child’s vantage point, and look around,” she said. “What they see is very different from what we see.”

Since parenthood will eventually bring you to your knees anyway, think of it as training. (At least this type of parenting pain can be mitigated: QEP kneepads are about $10.)

As you crawl around the living room, notice the outlets. Old-school baby-proofers like me used plastic covers because they plugged tightly into outlets, making them hard for babies to remove. The problem, my panelists said, is that the covers are also hard for parents to remove, so they are less likely to reinsert them if they expect to use the outlet again shortly.

And when a parent puts that outlet cover down, Mr. Mays added, it becomes a major choking hazard. (Use an empty toilet-paper tube to answer choking questions. Objects that easily pass through one can choke your child.)

To avoid such problems, Ms. Driscoll recommends outlet covers with horizontally sliding doors. They’re easier for parents to use, they needn’t be removed and reinserted, and they pose no choking danger. I found Safety 1st’s Swivel outlet cover easy to install and, at $2.25 each, inexpensive.

But, Mr. Mays warned, some retractable covers prevent plugs from fully engaging, which can lead to sparking and overheating with high-power items like hair dryers or vacuums. Another option is Leviton’s Decora tamper-resistant duplex receptacle, an outlet that requires no cover and costs about $2.50 at Home Depot.

When my children were younger, I fixated on the choking hazard posed by cords on our window treatments, but I overlooked the same danger from power cords. One remedy is a device that eliminates the slack in electric wires. (Safety 1st’s Cord Short’ner is about $4.)

Don’t use tacks to secure a cord, Mr. Mays added. Your child will yank them out, and they will naturally make their way to his mouth.

After your crawl, get up and stretch. Then grab a screwdriver and a bracket to secure the flat-screen TV to the wall. (The Safety 1st ProGrade flat-screen TV lock is $33.)

Next, secure any furniture more than 30 inches tall with wall restraints (Safety 1st furniture wall straps, about $6 for two). Screw the straps into a stud.

Now comes the most expensive childproofing task. Child-safety specialists now recommend cordless window treatments, and they mean completely cordless. Venetian blinds, in other words, won’t work because children can become entangled in the strings that control the slats.

For high-profile locations like living rooms, options include Hunter Douglas’s Vignette modern roman shades with LiteRise ($504 for the 30-by-40-inch model). For bedrooms, there are more basic alternatives, like Bali Today’s white fabric cordless cellular shade ($25 for a 23-by-48-inch window).

The kitchen is arguably the most dangerous room in the house — with sharp utensils, pet food, toxic cleaners, ovens and other items that figure prominently on the pediatric E.R. ledger.

The operative word here: lockdown.

For drawers and cabinets, Mr. Mays said, parents should use latches that automatically reset upon closing, because people are apt to forget. One option is Safety 1st’s No-Drill deluxe latch kit (about $31 for four). Instead of scraping your fingers on the cabinet edge as with old-style plastic latches, you use a magnetic handle to release the latch. Keep the handle in a cup on the counter, and the system will work fine.

Good as they are, though, these latches are a hassle to install (and though labeled “no drill,” the instructions recommend screws if your children are “persistent”). So, budget at least a half-hour for each latch set or hire someone to do it for you.

In the bathroom, get a toilet lock. Buy one that automatically resets and — especially if you have boys — make sure its components won’t be hard to clean.(KidCo’s is $15.)

Put doorknob covers in bathrooms, too, and keep the doors shut when they are empty. Here, at last, is a category that hasn’t changed much in the past decade. For standard doorknobs, the squeeze-and-turn covers work fine. (KidCo’s cost about $6 for two; its cover for door levers, about $8 each.)

Finally, stairs.

People with two or three children may consider themselves old hands when it comes to child gates. I felt the same, until one of my children, at age 12, developed an attention span so short that she often forgot to shut the gate.

But resist the urge to get a self-closing model, Ms. Driscoll said; they are commonly pressure-mounted and so can become dislodged, and often have a threshold that people can trip on. (KidCo’s Angle Mount Safeway gate, a non-self-closer, costs about $70. )

Even if you follow all these childproofing steps, consider calling in a consultant. Every house poses different hazards — with fireplaces or wood-burning stoves, for instance — and first-time parents can’t see everything.

But at least you’ll have addressed most of the issues beforehand, so the consultant’s bill won’t be another thing that brings you to your knees.

This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:

Correction: October 27, 2011

An earlier version of this article misstated the price of the Leviton Decora tamper resistant duplex receptacle as $20.

Apple pulp used to make wrapping paper

2011-10-14T02:03:00.001-07:00

Apple pulp used to make wrapping paper

BY MUTSUMI MITOBE STAFF WRITER

2011/10/14

Masami Narita shows the washi paper made from apple dregs. (Mutsumi Mitobe)The apple washi paper is used to wrap glass cups shaped like apples. (Mutsumi Mitobe)

AOMORI -- An eco-friendly wrapping paper used for Aomori Prefectures souvenirs is being made from a juicy and crunchy product people usually associate with this northern prefecture--apples.

Masami Narita has spent the past year coming up with the right formula of apple dregs, pulp and kozo fiber that is the raw material for ordinary washi, or handmade Japanese paper.

Until two years ago, Narita, 34, worked as an engineer, and her problem-solving skills obviously helped when she found a job with Gainz Co. in Aomori, an information services company.

In the spring of 2010, the company president said to Narita, "I want to start a new project taking advantage of local resources in Aomori."

When she worked as an engineer, Narita designed copy machines. She always enjoyed creating something from nothing, including doing the research before the work actually begins.

After doing research on the Internet and meeting with officials in government offices and the industry and technology center, Narita learned that hundreds of tons of apple dregs were disposed of every year after juice and other products were made. Disposing of the dregs costs several tens of millions of yen.

Because the main ingredient in the dregs was the cellulose that is also one of the raw materials for paper, Narita said she thought that finding an effective use for the dregs would help apple farmers.

That idea started her along on days of experimenting with various mixtures of materials. When she tried to make paper using only apple dregs, the product was so brittle it could not be used.

Narita gradually changed the mixture of apple dregs, pulp and kozo fiber and tried making paper at the company office.

She finally came up with a completed prototype after about two months. She then had to find a washi craftsman to commercialize the product. However, there were none in Aomori Prefecture, so Narita visited major washi production centers, such as Kochi, Kyoto and Fukui, to seek a partner in the venture.

This spring, about 100 sheets of washi paper, each measuring 60 centimeters by 90 centimeters, arrived from a craftsman in Fukui who agreed to cooperate.

Even with the apple skin, core and seeds giving a feel of the fruit to the paper, light passed evenly through it. Narita felt then that a true professional's skills had gone into the washi.

Once the product was completed, Narita received various requests to use the paper, including as wrapping paper for such Aomori products as apple soap and glass cups shaped like apples.

Narita talked up her product to various creators in Aomori and elsewhere in search of other uses for the paper.

The product came about because of ties among people who originally worked in different fields, such as apple farmers, washi craftsmen and creators.

This year, Narita has been busy creating a structure that would allow for increased production as well as expanding sales routes. One part of such efforts was a workshop on handmade washi that was held in Aomori Prefecture.

Aomori has an abundance of clean water and outstanding examples of art such as the Nebuta festival and block prints.

With such a background, Narita said, "I eventually want to produce the paper in Aomori. It would be so interesting if one day we could create Nebuta floats using our washi."

The mounting human costs of Japan’s nuclear disaster 日本核災損失超大...

2011-10-11T05:04:00.001-07:00

The mounting human costs of Japan’s nuclear disaster 日本核災損失超大...

Radiation in Japan

Hot spots and blind spots

Oct 8th 2011 | IITATE | from the print edition

CREST the hill into the village of Iitate, and the reading on a radiation dosimeter surges eightfold—even with the car windows shut. “Don’t worry, I’ve been coming here for months and I’m still alive,” chuckles Chohei Sato, chief of the village council, as he rolls down the window and inhales cheerfully. He pulls off the road, gets out of the car and buries the dosimeter in the grass. The reading doubles again.

Iitate is located 45km (28 miles) from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant hit by a tsunami on March 11th this year. In the mountains above the town, the forests are turning the colour of autumn. But their beauty is deceptive. Every time a gust of wind blows, Mr Sato says it shakes invisible particles of radioactive caesium off the trees and showers them over the village. Radiation levels in the hills are so high that villagers dare not go near them. Mr Sato cannot bury his father’s bones, which he keeps in an urn in his abandoned farmhouse, because of the dangers of going up the hill to the graveyard.

Iitate had the misfortune to be caught by a wind that carried radioactive particles (including plutonium) much farther than anybody initially expected after the nuclear disaster. Almost all the 6,000 residents have been evacuated, albeit belatedly, because it took the government months to decide that some villages outside a 30km radius of the plant warranted special attention. Now it offers an extreme example of how difficult it will be to recover from the disaster.

That is mainly because of the enormous spread of radiation. Recently the government said it needed to clear about 2,419 square kilometres of contaminated soil—an area larger than greater Tokyo—that received an annual radiation dose of at least five millisieverts, or over 0.5 microsieverts an hour. That covered an area far beyond the official 30km restriction zone (see map). Besides pressure- hosing urban areas, this would involve removing about 5cm of topsoil from local farms as well as all the dead leaves in caesium-laden forests.

However, Iitate’s experience suggests the government may be underestimating the task. Villagers have removed 5cm of topsoil from one patch of land, but because radioactive particles continue to blow from the surrounding trees, the level of radiation remains high—about one microsievert an hour—even if lower than in nearby areas. Without cutting down the forests, Mr Sato reckons there will be a permanent risk of contamination. So far, nobody has any idea where any contaminated soil will be dumped.

The second problem is children’s health. On September 30th the government lifted an evacuation advisory warning to communities within a 20-30km radius of the plant. The aim was partly to show that the authorities were steadily bringing the crippled reactors under control.

But these areas are still riddled with radiation hot spots, including schools and public parks, which will need to be cleaned before public confidence is restored. Parents say they are particularly concerned about bringing their children back because the health effects of radiation on the young are so unclear. What is more, caesium particles tend to lurk in the grass, which means radiation is more of a risk at toddler height than for adults. In Iitate, Mihori Takahashi, a mother of two, “believes only half of what the doctors say” and says she never wants to bring her children back. That, in itself, may be a curse. “The revival of this town depends on the children returning,” says Mr Sato.

And even if people return, Mr Sato worries how they will make a living. These are farming villages, but it will take years to remove the stigma attached to food grown in Fukushima, he reckons. He is furious with Tokyo Electric Power, operator of the plant, for failing to acknowledge the long-term impacts of the disaster. He says it is a way of scrimping on compensation payouts.

One way to help overcome these problems would be to persuade people to accept relaxed safety standards. A government panel is due to propose lifting the advisory dose limit above one millisievert per year. This week in Tokyo, Wade Allison, a physics professor at Oxford University, argued that Japan’s dose limit could safely be raised to 100 millisieverts, based on current health statistics. Outside Mr Sato’s house, however, a reading of the equivalent of 150 millisieverts a year left your correspondent strangely reluctant to inhale.

U.S. Panel Says No to Prostate Screening / Cesium levels off Fukushima Prefecture 58 times higher

2011-10-06T20:55:00.000-07:00

紐約時報:U.S. Panel Says No to Prostate Screening for Healthy Men

By GARDINER HARRIS 50 minutes ago

Giving healthy men P.S.A. blood tests for prostate cancer does not save lives and often leads to treatment that can cause needless pain and side effects, a government panel said.

---

Cesium levels off Fukushima Prefecture 58 times higher than before quake

BY HIROSHI ISHIZUKA STAFF WRITER

2011/10/07

Levels of radioactive cesium 137 in waters off Fukushima Prefecture are 58 times higher than before the March 11 quake that crippled a nuclear power plant there, a government survey shows.

The science ministry conducted sophisticated sensitive analysis of seawater sampled in 11 locations, mostly about 45-320 kilometers off the coasts of Fukushima, Miyagi, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, in late August.

Cesium 137 levels about 140 kilometers east of the stricken Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant came to 0.11 becquerel per liter, or 58 times more than in 2009, the ministry said Oct. 5.

Still, the figures for all locations were less than 1 percent of the legal standard of 90 becquerels for ocean waters.

It was the first sensitive analysis covering large areas.

In a 2009 ministry survey off the four prefectures, maximum readings were between 0.0015 and 0.0023 becquerel per liter.

The latest survey detected 0.10 becquerel about 215 kilometers southeast of the Fukushima No. 1 plant, 50 times more than in 2009, and 0.076 becquerel about 200 kilometers northeast of the plant, 33 times more.

Seawater sampled off Chiba Prefecture contained 0.0012-0.0023 becquerel, roughly unchanged from 2009.

Coffee Drinking Linked to Less Depression in Women

2011-09-27T16:14:00.000-07:00

Coffee Drinking Linked to Less Depression in Women

1天4杯咖啡女性憂鬱機率降2成

〔編譯魏國金／綜合報導〕美國哈佛大學研究人員發現，每天喝兩到三杯咖啡的女性，罹患憂鬱症的風險要比不喝咖啡者減少十五％，喝四杯以上者則減少二十％，但喝低咖啡因咖啡並無此功效。

這份二十七日發表於「內科醫學檔案」期刊的研究報告指出，目前尚未了解咖啡為何有此功效，呼籲女性多喝咖啡絕對為時過早，但可能原因之一是，咖啡中的咖啡因改變腦中的化學作用。咖啡因是全世界使用最廣泛的神經中樞興奮劑，其中八成即是來自飲用咖啡。

哈佛大學公衛學院的研究團隊，針對五萬零七百三十九名美國女護士進行長達二十幾年的問卷追蹤調查，記錄她們的咖啡使用量。從一九八○年至二○○四年，共有兩千六百餘名婦女罹患憂鬱症。分析後發現，咖啡喝得少或不喝咖啡的婦女，罹患憂鬱症的機率要比多喝咖啡者來得高。

在這些罹病婦女中，許多人不喝或很少喝咖啡。相較於每週喝不到一杯咖啡者，每天喝兩到三杯咖啡的婦女，罹患憂鬱症機率減少十五％，喝四杯以上罹患風險減少二十％。

此前芬蘭一項研究發現，習慣喝咖啡者自殺率較低，研究人員認為有助於提振幸福感與活力的咖啡因扮演主要關鍵。這份研究報告的共同作者、哈佛公衛學院流行病學與營養學教授艾榭里歐團隊，也曾發現喝咖啡或許能預防帕金森氏症。

研究也指出，由於憂鬱症患者的普遍症狀就是睡眠受干擾，而咖啡因是一種興奮劑，會使睡眠問題惡化。同時，攝取過多咖啡因也會增加焦慮感，前述芬蘭研究顯示，一天喝超過八杯咖啡，自殺率將增加。

上海關閉大部分電池廠

2011-09-23T15:45:00.000-07:00

上海關閉大部分電池廠
上海據法新社報導，因環境保護原因，中國有關當局關閉了大都市上海的大多數電池生產廠家。據當地環保機構週五（9月23日）稱，總共17家電池廠中已有14家停止生產，其中包括一家美國所屬的企業，該廠停產至今年年底。英文《上海日報》援引官方提供的數字報導說，血液中鉛含量超標的兒童數量已從上週的25人增至32人，其中15人在醫院治療。這些孩子的家均位於有關工廠的附近。在連續30年迅速工業化進程後，中國國內一再發生重金屬污染醜聞。

愛美變去死

2011-09-21T19:04:00.000-07:00

韓星代言超熱賣含雙氧水蕃茄面膜下架

全智賢用雙氧水美白醫師駁：無稽之談韓製IPKN BB霜含螢光劑恐致癌日貨指甲油摻致癌塑化劑

日本福島縣土地除核污染: 向日葵不實用

2011-09-17T20:54:00.000-07:00

Sunflowers next to useless for nuclear decontamination

2011/09/18

Sunflowers in an untended rice paddy in the village of Iitate, Fukushima Prefecture, in July (The Asahi Shimbun)

Farm ministry research has dashed hopes that sunflower seeds planted in areas around the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant would help clean up radioactive contamination.

The seeds were sown within the evacuation areas in the belief they would soak up radioactive materials, but the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries reported Sept. 14 that sunflowers only absorbed about 0.05 percent of the radioactive cesium in contaminated ground.

The laborious process of scraping off surface soil was far more effective.

Since late May, the ministry has been studying farmland decontamination methods at six locations in Iitate village and Kawamata town.

The ministry found that removing 3 centimeters of topsoil together with shallow-rooted grass was the most effective method of decontamination, reducing radioactive cesium by 97 percent.

Scraping off about 4 cm of surface soil when shallow-rooted grass was not present removed about 75 percent of the radioactive cesium.

When the surface soil was removed after applying a solidifying agent, 82 percent of the radioactive cesium was removed.

Other methods tested included filling rice paddies with water, then tilling and stirring the soil and draining the water. That reduced cesium by 36 percent.

Sunflower planting was highly ineffective by comparison, absorbing only one-2,000th of the cesium.

According to the ministry, 95 percent of the cesium is concentrated in the top layer of soil, less than 2.5 cm from the surface. Sunflower roots grow more than 1 meter below the surface, making it difficult for them to absorb cesium near the surface.

"There is no alternative plant that has a higher rate of absorption (than sunflowers)," a ministry official said. "From a practical point of view, we cannot rely on plants for decontamination."

Over time, cesium bonds strongly with minerals in clay soil. This makes it very hard for plants to absorb the cesium. The ministry said the most effective decontamination method was removing the soil with the cesium.

(This article was compiled from reports by Keiichiro Inoue and Takashi Sugimoto.)

工程取巧的失敗風險大

2011-09-14T16:41:00.000-07:00

BP Shortcuts Led to Gulf Oil Spill, Report Says

By JOHN M. BRODER 5:22 PM ET

Federal investigators said the explosion’s central cause was a failure of the cement at the base of the well.

Report Rips Firms, Oversight

Investigators released their final report on the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico, castigating BP, its contractors and the government, and recommending safety changes, stronger rules and more surprise inspections.

• Heard: Closing Gulf in BP's Valuation

• Read the report

• Video: Report Chastises BP, Others

Explosion at French nuclear plant of Marcoule

2011-09-12T06:10:00.001-07:00

Explosion at French nuclear plant of Marcoule

One person has been killed and four injured, one seriously, by an explosion at the southern French nuclear plant of Marcoule.

There were no radioactive leaks after the blast, caused by a fire near a furnace in a radioactive waste storage site, a French nuclear official said.

A security perimeter has been set up because of the risk of leakage.

The plant produces MOX fuel, which recycles plutonium from nuclear weapons, but does not include reactors.

Marcoule nuclear plant

Used by French nuclear firm Areva for the clean-up and disassembly of nuclear installations
Also used a research centre of the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Created in 1955 for plutonium production
Described on Areva website as one of France's oldest nuclear sites

Marcoule's long nuclear history

It is a major site involved with the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.

The Centraco treatment centre belongs to a subsidiary of national electricity provider EDF.

The explosion hit the plant at 1145 local time (0945 GMT).

"For the time being nothing has made it outside," said a spokesman for France's Atomic Energy Commission (CEA).

Marcoule, one of France's oldest nuclear plants, is located in the Gard department in Languedoc-Roussillon region, near France's Mediterranean coast.

Nuclear energy provides more than 70% of France's energy needs.

All the country's 58 nuclear reactors have been put through stress tests in recent months, following the disaster at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant which was hit by an earthquake and tsunami.

EDF's share prices fell by more than 6% as news of the blast emerged.

Ray Anderson : 美國地毯環保大王

2011-09-11T18:04:00.000-07:00

Ray Anderson : 美國地毯環保大王

Ray Anderson

The carpet-tile philosopher

Ray Anderson, America’s greenest businessman, died on August 8th, aged 77

Sep 10th 2011 | from the print edition

WHEN Ray Anderson first encountered the concept at an international conference, it took his breath away. It was so smart, so right. It was flexible, practical, beautiful, and made perfect sense. He knew right then that modular soft-surfaced floor coverings (carpet tiles, in other words), could change the world.

Others thought he was round the bend. When he decided to give up his job at Milliken Carpet in LaGrange, Georgia to set up a 15-person carpet company, and was clearing out his desk that February of 1973, two colleagues looked in. “We don’t think you can do this,” they told him. He replied, in his languid, ever-courteous southern lilt, “The hell you say.” Fifteen years later his company, renamed Interface, was the biggest carpet-tile maker on the planet.

This also made Mr Anderson a considerable plunderer of the earth. He never thought about that at first. To his mind he was no more a thief of Nature than when, a country boy during the Depression, he had hooked 20-pound channel catfish, now long gone, out of the Chattahoochee River. His business complied with government regulations. His product, too, was much less wasteful than broadloom carpet, since you could easily cut the tiles to run cables underneath, and replace them one by one as they wore out. They were, it was true, almost entirely made of petroleum in some form or another. Some pretty bad stuff was used in the dye and the glue. More than 200 smokestacks blackened the sky to produce them. But boardrooms laid with Interface carpet tiles looked and felt a million dollars.

The turning point, his “mid-course correction”, came in 1994. He was 60, but not yet ready to retire to the mountains or chase a little white ball. Under pressure from customers to produce some sort of environmental strategy for his company, he got a small task-force together. Someone gave him a book, Paul Hawken’s “The Ecology of Commerce” to help him prepare his first speech on the subject. Thumbing vaguely through it, he chanced on a chapter called “The Death of Birth”, about the extinction of species. Reading on, he came to a passage about reindeer being wiped out on St Matthew Island in the Bering Sea. Suddenly, the tears were running down his face. A spear-point had jammed into his heart. It was the very same feeling, he said later, as when he had first seen carpet tiles, but orders of magnitude larger. He was to blame for making the world worse. Now he had to make it better.

Interface, he decided, would leave no print on the green-and-blue carpet of the world. By 2020 it would take nothing from the earth that could not be rapidly replenished. It would produce no greenhouse-gas emissions and no waste. That meant using renewables rather than fossil fuel; endeavouring to make carpet tiles out of carbohydrate polymers rather than petroleum; and recycling old-carpet sludge into pellets that could be used as backing.

Some of the technologies Mr Anderson hoped for (and half-envisaged, as a graduate in systems engineering from his much-loved Georgia Tech) had not been invented when he started. Several colleagues thought he had gone round the bend again. He had to bring them along slowly, in his quiet way, until they “got it” by themselves. But by 2007 the company was, he reckoned, about halfway up “Mount Sustainability”. Greenhouse-gas emissions by absolute tonnage were down 92% since 1995, water usage down 75%, and 74,000 tonnes of used carpet had been recovered from landfills. The $400m he was saving each year by making no scrap and no off-quality tiles more than paid for the R&D and the process changes. As much as 25% of the company’s new material came from “post-consumer recycling”. And he was loaded with honours and awards as the greenest businessman in America.

Most satisfying of all, sales had increased by two-thirds since his conversion, and profits had doubled. For Mr Anderson always kept his eye on the bottom line. He could be sentimental, ending his many public speeches with an apologetic poem to “Tomorrow’s Child” written by an employee after one of his pep talks, but he was only half a dreamer. His company was his child, too. Profits mattered. This made some greens snipe at him, but it also made Walmart send two of its senior people round to his factory in LaGrange to see what he was doing right. As a success, he could powerfully influence others.

The forest floor

He never dreamed of giving up carpet tiles. Their beauty and variety delighted him, just as Nature’s did. In his office in LaGrange they were laid out like abstract art on tables, while hanks of yarn hung on the walls. His company introduced Cool Carpet®, which had made no contribution to global warming all along the supply chain, and multicoloured FLOR for the home, “practical and pretty, too”. He was proudest, though, of Entropy®, a carpet-tile design inspired directly by the forest floor. No two tiles were alike: no two sticks, no two leaves. They could be laid and replaced quite randomly, even used in bits, eliminating waste. And when you lay down on them you might almost be in Mr Anderson’s 86-acre piece of forest near Atlanta, listening to the sparrows in the long-leaf pines, rejoicing in being a non-harming part of the web of life, like him.

降落桃機華航爆胎逾200旅客驚魂

2011-09-09T17:58:00.001-07:00

降落桃機華航爆胎逾200旅客驚魂

昨日下午一架華航波音747－400飛桃園機場班機，落地後左邊13號輪胎爆胎，有可能是防煞車鎖死系統故障，或是跑道上異物造成爆胎。（記者姚介修攝）

昨日一名航空迷剛好拍到華航班機爆胎冒煙的瞬間。（謝黃翔提供）

〔記者姚介修、林嘉琪／綜合報導〕華航編號B-18208波音747-400班機昨日下午由夏威夷經東京飛抵桃園機場，下午四點十四分落地、正在跑道上滑行時，飛機左後方十三號輪胎突然爆胎，幸好機身和兩百多位旅客均平安。

這架班機原本預計下午四點四十五分落地，但是班機提早在四點十四分落地，沒想到落地滑行中，突然傳來一聲巨響，機長透過監控系統發現十三號輪胎爆胎，由於飛機沒有損壞，機長先行脫離跑道，滑行至ＮＣ滑行道等待維修人員檢查。

由於有輪胎皮外露，為避免輪胎屑散落，最後決定由拖車慢速拖回停機坪。旅客下機後表示，飛機出狀況後，為讓旅客安心，機長馬上就廣播告訴機上旅客發生什麼狀況，讓他們放心。

不排除防鎖死系統出問題

據了解，波音747-400客機共有十八個機輪，昨天爆胎的輪胎是左後方機翼輪組編號十三號輪胎，由於該機型落地都是使用自動煞車系統，飛機的煞車系統會有防鎖死保護裝置，不排除是防鎖死系統出問題，不過機場目前跑道附近正施工，也或許是有異物在跑道上，造成輪胎爆胎，詳細情形仍需等待調查結果。

民航局副局長李萬里表示，針對華航CI017爆胎，民航局昨天已派員赴現場了解，初判為該輪的煞車系統故障，但仍須視輪胎受損情況了解原因，預計中秋節過後會提出初步報告。

腸菌影響你情緒

2011-09-08T18:03:00.001-07:00

Bacteria and behaviour

Gut instinct

Tantalising evidence that intestinal bacteria can influence mood

Sep 3rd 2011 | from the print edition

A GOOD way to make yourself unpopular at dinner parties is to point out that a typical person is, from a microbiologist’s perspective, a walking, talking Petri dish. An extraordinary profusion of microscopic critters inhabit every crack and crevice of the typical human, so many that they probably outnumber the cells of the body upon and within which they dwell.

Happily, these microbes are mostly harmless. Some of them, particularly those that live in the gut, are positively beneficial, helping with digestion and keeping the intestines in good working order. That is no surprise—bacteria as much as people have an interest in keeping their homes in sound condition. What is surprising is the small but growing body of evidence which suggests that bacteria dwelling in the gut can affect the brain, too, and thereby influence an individual’s mood and behaviour. The most recent paper on the topic, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reports (like much of the research in this field) on results in mice.

The researchers, led by Javier Bravo of University College, Cork, split their rodent subjects into two groups. One lot were fed a special broth containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a gut-dwelling bacterium often found in yogurt and other dairy products. The others were fed an ordinary diet, not fortified with microbes.

The team then subjected the mice to a battery of tests that are used routinely to measure the emotional states of rodents. Most (though not all) of these tests showed significant differences between the two groups of animals.

One test featured a maze that had both enclosed and open tunnels. The researchers found that the bacterially boosted mice ventured out into the open twice as often as the control mice, which they interpreted to mean that these rodents were more confident and less anxious than those not fed Lactobacillus.

In another test the animals were made to swim in a container from which they could not escape. Bacteria-fed mice attempted to swim for longer than the others before they gave up and had to be rescued. Such persistence is usually interpreted by students of rodent behaviour as evidence of a more positive mood.

Direct measurements of the animals’ brains supported the behavioural results. Levels of corticosterone, a stress hormone, were markedly lower in the bacteria-fed mice than they were in the control group when both groups were exposed to stressful situations. The number of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, a natural chemical messenger that helps dampen the activity of certain nerve cells, varied in statistically significant ways between the brains of the two groups, with more in some parts of the treated animals’ brains and fewer in others. Most intriguing of all, when Dr Bravo cut the animals’ vagus nerves—which transmit signals between the gut and the brain—the differences between the groups vanished.

The idea that gut-dwelling microbes can affect an animal’s state of mind may strike some people as outlandish, and there are certainly loose ends still to be tied up. Beyond their evidence that the vagus nerve is crucial to the relationship, for example, Dr Bravo and his colleagues do not yet know the precise mechanisms at work. There is also an obvious follow-up question: whether a similar thing is going on in people. A few previous studies have hinted at the possibility. For example, bacterial treatments may help with the mental symptoms of illnesses such as irritable-bowel syndrome.

All this is forcing a reassessment of people’s relationship with the bacteria that live on and in them, which have long been regarded mainly as a potential source of infections. An editorial in this week’s Nature raises the possibility that the widespread prescription of antibiotics—which kill useful bacteria as effectively as hostile ones—might be one factor behind rising rates of asthma, diabetes and irritable-bowel syndrome. If Dr Bravo’s results apply to people, too, then mood disorders may end up being added to this list.

Benefits of Chocolate

2011-08-30T21:00:00.001-07:00

August 29, 2011, 7:00 pm

Tallying the Benefits of Chocolate

By ANAHAD O'CONNOR

Tony Cenicola/The New York Times

Chocaholics may have more reason to indulge in a chocolate truffle or two today. New research from scientists at the University of Cambridge suggests that the heart-healthy benefits chalked up to regularly indulging in chocolate treats may not be all hype. The research involved more than 100,000 subjects and included data from a half dozen studies.

By many measures, consumption of chocolate was linked to lower rates of stroke, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions. But there was no beneficial effect on the risk for heart failure or diabetes.

The report did mention some caveats, but it provides another boost to the increasingly popular view that chocolate — especially the dark variety — can be beneficial in moderation. Read the full report, “Evidence of Heart Benefits From Chocolate,” and then please join the discussion below.

台大醫院愛滋病患器官移植5病患受害

2011-08-27T17:26:00.000-07:00

其實我根本不相信報紙說的這套說詞

台大醫院的查核表根本沒"愛滋病"這條雖然他們到政府網路登記有此項
換句話說這是一家只知效率不知品質的著名的台大醫院

台灣龍頭醫院台大醫院發生致命疏失，將愛滋病患器官移植到病患上，共有5病患受害。怎麼會發生如此疏失？除了台大醫院在確認捐贈者時檢驗結果時，通報台大醫檢師講的是「reactive」（陽性），接話的器捐移植小組協調師誤聽為「non-reactive」（陰性）外，移植團隊未在手術前二次確認，造成如此遺憾。

男子的器官由台大和成大進行移植手術，成大表示，手術前曾至衛署器捐中心做二度確認，發現台大登錄於該中心資料，捐贈者是愛滋陰性。

【アジア発！Breaking News】「陽性」と「陰性」を聞き間違え。HIVに感染した臓器を5人に移植。（台湾）
Techinsight japan
台湾のトップ医療を誇る台湾大学付設病院（以下台大病院）で、HIVに感染した臓器を誤って移植するという信じられない事件が起きた。移植前の検査結果を報告する電話を受けた台大病院の移植チームスタッフが、「reactive」（陽性）と「non-reactive」（陰性）を聞き間違え ...

肉毒桿菌?毒米酒? 案情變複雜/波音北極空難

2011-08-22T07:11:00.000-07:00

肉毒桿菌?毒米酒? 案情變複雜

上個月發生在南投縣信義鄉的四人離奇中毒案、今天又出現令人驚奇的發展。一名朱姓男子向檢察官坦承、他因為不滿前女友__王美永移情別戀、嫁給林敬儀、就把葡萄催芽劑添加在米酒裡面送給王美永，沒想到會造成兩對夫妻同時中毒死亡。不過、先前疾管局和法醫研究所卻判斷、他們的死亡原因是肉毒桿菌中毒，現在又冒出了情殺案、讓案情變得更加複雜。

南投四死命案大逆轉，竟然是遭人下毒，檢警逮到兇嫌，死者林敬儀的老父親，哽咽上香謝神明。

涉嫌下毒的朱姓嫌犯坦承犯行，這個月２０號遭檢方聲押獲准，上午再度借提偵訊，重回現場模擬。

涉有重嫌的朱姓嫌犯，落網後坦承，事發前他在工作地點巧遇前女友王美永，兩人喝酒談天，趁對方不注意，在六罐米酒中其中一罐，摻了１０ｃｃ的葡萄催芽劑，像要報復前女友移情別戀，另嫁林敬儀。沒想到這六罐米酒被王美永帶回家後，又邀請朋友田姓夫妻共同用餐，一起喝下了朱姓嫌犯的摻毒米酒！

檢警及衛生單位，原本是鎖定肉毒桿菌食物中毒的方向，最近又在死者林敬儀、王美永，田福榮嘔吐物以及其它檢體，驗出微量的葡萄催芽劑二氯乙醇，再加上有朱姓嫌犯自白，案情轉為他殺，但是下毒的量是不是足以致死，還有同樣共餐的另一位死者伍曉珍，並沒有驗出相同毒物，卻也接續死亡，這些疑點都有待釐清。

目前檢方握有的證據，只有兇嫌自白書和毒米酒；葡萄催芽劑的成份是二氯乙醇，接觸到皮膚後會產生氯甲醛與氯甲酸的神經毒性，臨床上超過５ｃｃ就會致命，之前法醫研究所驗出低劑量毒性，認為是誤觸或攝食，排除它殺的可能性；雖然現在有嫌犯及合理的犯案動機，但是疾管局和法醫研究所，目前還是認定四死命案，主要是因為群聚A型肉毒桿菌毒素導致死亡。
黃千容賴世杰南投報導

---
波音北極空難加12死3傷

〔本報駐加特派記者張伶銖／溫哥華20日報導〕加拿大第一航空公司（First Air）一架波音737-200型包機，當地時間20日下午在北極失事墜毀，造成機上12人喪生、包括一名兒童在內的3人輕重傷。失事地點在北極省份努拿烏特（Nunavut）的雷索盧特灣（Resolute Bay）附近，非常接近加拿大軍隊北極演習地點所在。加國部隊現場目睹飛機墜毀，暫停一切演習，緊急加入救援工作。

加軍年度北極演習從8月 5日開始，一連持續3週。第一航空是總部設在渥太華的加拿大國內航班，專飛北極省份，失事班機預定從黃刀市（Yellowknife）飛往雷索盧特灣。目擊者表示，這架包機斷成多截，前艙和後艙分離，機身嚴重燒焦，但機翼仍完好無缺。警方已在失事現場找到黑盒子，並將根據其中的飛行紀錄，調查事故原因。

第一航空指出，出事班機最後一次與塔台聯絡，是在中午12時40分，位置在距離雷索盧特灣機場約8公里處，再過約10分鐘，飛機即墜毀地面。這起事故發生前，氣象部門便警告當地會有大霧。

加拿大總理哈伯剛好會在溫哥華時間22日搭機前往事故地點，視察加軍年度北極演習行動，對演習前發生這起造成重大傷亡的空難，深表遺憾。

Tree produces 'nutty' ecological cleaner for laundry

2011-08-17T20:07:00.000-07:00

Tree produces 'nutty' ecological cleaner for laundry

BY SOPHIE KNIGHT STAFF WRITER

2011/08/18

From left to right: Hideaki Satoh, Kazumi Hosoya and Koichi Okano of Bitwin, with their "Laundry nuts" and "Eco nuts" products (Sophie Knight)The exclusive "Laundry nuts" brand sold by Satoh's company Students at a horticultural school in Toyama Prefecture grind "mukuroji," or soap nuts, as part of an experiment in 2003 to create natural pesticides. (Asahi Shimbun file photo)

If someone told you that you could clean your clothes with nuts, you'd probably think they were ... well, nuts.

Yet although a packet of salty peanuts probably won't get your whites spanking clean, the saponin-containing husks of "Soapnuts," can be an eco-friendly substitute for laundry detergent.

Looking at the waxy, lychee-like shells, it's hard to believe that they'll get sweat, dirt and stains out of clothes. But Hideaki Satoh, who sells the nuts through a Tokyo-based company, is effusive about their benefits.

"Not only are they kind to both your skin and the environment, they also rival any artificial detergent in terms of cleaning power," he says.

Satoh's company, Bitwin, sells an exclusive brand called "laundry nuts," which are grown in India, as well as the American "Eco-nuts" brand grown in Nepal that is becoming increasing popular overseas.

Both kinds can be used either inside a canvas bag in the washing machine, or else left to soak in a cup to produce a bubbly liquid to be poured on top of laundry.

Grown organically in India and Nepal, they produce no chemical effluent and therefore don't pollute the water supply like most chemical detergents. They're also hypoallergenic, making them highly suitable for sensitive skin and eczema sufferers. Satoh says that mothers who use cloth diapers are enthusiastic buyers.

"There's a growing interest in natural, nonchemical products in Japan, where many people are seeking ways to lead more ecological lifestyles, and conserve energy after the nuclear crisis in Fukushima," says Satoh, who launched the company last year after becoming interested in organic shampoos and skin-care products.

Although relatively unknown today, the soapnut tree, or "sapindus mukurossi," is actually native to Japan, and records indicate that it came into use in the Heian Period (794-1185) as a soap and disinfectant.

Many trees can still be found along riverbanks and in the grounds of temples and shrines, since they were places where communities could gather to share the harvest and use them for medical and sanitary use. As an added bonus, the seed inside can be roasted and eaten.

Although the tree is now known by the transliteration of its Latin name, "mukuroji," it used to be known as "enmeihi," or "long life skin." This is because the husk has antifungal and hygienic properties. It's also a natural insect repellent: you can keep the summer mosquitoes at bay by popping a few shells in the tub when you take a bath.

Sadly, their use declined in the 1800s as Japan opened up and began to import soap from abroad. They came back into use for a brief period following World War II, when the defeated country was destitute. Yet from the 1960s, imported chemical detergents became more popular, and consumers have never looked back.

"People have become convinced that a strong artificial smell and lots of bubbles are signs of cleaning power, which is not true," says Satoh. "It can be hard to convince people that these odd-looking husks can work."

He thinks this is a shame, as an environmentally friendly and freely available zero-carbon resource was swapped for harsh chemical compounds that can damage the skin and pollute groundwater.

"In the future I'd really like to encourage the planting and harvesting of soapnut trees throughout Japan, so that our carbon footprint is decreased and we don't have to import them from the Himalayas," he says.

While the existing trees in Japan could effectively provide free detergent, the few that are left are mostly on private property. Fortunately, Satoh's products are still easy on the pocket.

A small handful of husks inside a canvas bag can be used for up to 13 washes, meaning that a larger 250g bag, priced at 1,000 yen ($13), is good for more than 100. Cheap, little carbon footprint, and ecological-- what's the catch?

According to Satoh, there isn't one.

"Sometimes, finding solutions to modern problems requires a look back into the past," he explains. "Tradition can teach you a lot."

To buy soapnuts, visit http://item.rakuten.co.jp/venustokyo/c/0000000231#top

Oil giant Shell fights to stop leak off Scottish coast

2011-08-13T18:27:00.001-07:00

Environment

Oil giant Shell fights to stop leak off Scottish coast


	The oil firm Shell has been battling to stop the flow of oil leaking from a platform in the North Sea, off the coast of Scotland. The company is being urged to take swift action as the size of the spill is investigated.

		Europe to press oil giants on disaster clean-up responsibilities
		Researchers learn lessons from Deepwater Horizon spill
		Clean-up after oil spill off Norway

Fuji Xerox: Zero-Landfill Goal

2011-08-13T06:52:00.000-07:00

Fuji Xerox: Zero-Landfill Goal Achieved at Recycling Facility in China

2011/08/12

- Recycled 1,500 Tons of Resources and Reached 99.8% of Recycling Rate -

TOKYO, August 12, 2011 -- Fuji Xerox Eco-Manufacturing (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.,(Note 1) which is the center of Fuji Xerox's Resource Recycling System in China, has accomplished the Zero Landfill(Note 2) goal by achieving recycling 99.8 percent of collected used products and consumables in FY2010.

Fuji Xerox Eco-Manufacturing (Suzhou), established in January 2008, disassembles used Fuji Xerox products such as copiers, printers and cartridges that Fuji Xerox (China) Limited, Fuji Xerox's sales company in China, collects from all over China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)(Note 3), and sorts them into 70 categories including steel, aluminum, lenses, glass and copper for recycling. Over the period from the operation launch to March 2011, the company generated 1,500 tons of recycled resources.

Further, Fuji Xerox Eco-Manufacturing (Suzhou) has been actively reusing used parts, and was certified as one of 35 pilot remanufacturing enterprises of electric products by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT).

Fuji Xerox was the first company in the industry to introduce products containing recycled parts to the Japanese market in 1995, launching a full-fledged Integrated Recycling System. In August 2000, the company became the first in Japan to achieve Zero Landfill from collected used products. In addition, Fuji Xerox introduced the recycling system of the quality equivalent to the one in Japan, in Thailand in December 2004 as the center of Fuji Xerox's International Resource Recycling System for nine countries and regions of Asia Pacific(Note 4), where it directly provides sales and services. The recycling site accomplished the Zero Landfill goal by achieving recycling 99.8 percent of used products and consumables in FY2009.

Fuji Xerox continues to implement its 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) initiatives to achieve the goals of Zero Landfill, No Pollution and Zero Illegal Disposal, perceiving them as its responsibility as a manufacturer. It is committed to further reinforcing the Integrated Recycling System, which is an advanced model for achieving business growth and environmental conservation at the same time.

(Note 1) A recycling site wholly owned by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., located in Suzhou, China.

http://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/news/2008/0115_recycle.html

(Note 2) Fuji Xerox defines Zero Landfill as recycling rate of more than 99.5 percent.

(Note 3) The collection and recycling of used products in Hong Kong and Macao are covered by Fuji Xerox's International Resource Recycling System in Thailand. Fuji Xerox Taiwan Corporation constructs and operates its individual recycling system due to the cross-boundary movement regulation on used electrical and electronic equipment.

(Note 4) Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Thailand. For details, please access:

http://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/ecology/cycle/newstyle/international/

For more information, please visit http://www.fujixerox.co.jp/eng/company/headline/2011/0812_recycle.html

(press release)

癌症病人必須吃"運動"藥

2011-08-07T18:23:00.000-07:00

Exercise should be 'standard part of cancer care'

Regular exercise can help reduce the side effects of treatment, the report says

All patients getting cancer treatment should be told to do two and a half hours of physical exercise every week, says a report by Macmillan Cancer Support.

Being advised to rest and take it easy after treatment is an outdated view, the charity says.

Research shows that exercise can reduce the risk of dying from cancer and minimise the side effects of treatment.

The Department of Health says local initiatives can get people moving.

Macmillan's report, Move More, says that of the two million cancer survivors in the UK, around 1.6 million are not physically active enough.

Adult cancer patients and cancer survivors should undertake 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week, the reports says, which is what the Department of Health guidelines recommend.

In the report, the American College of Sports Medicine also recommends that exercise is safe during and after most types of cancer treatment and says survivors should avoid inactivity.

“Start Quote

It doesn't need to be anything too strenuous, doing the gardening, going for a brisk walk or a swim, all count”

Ciaran Devane Macmillan Cancer Support

Getting active, the report says, can help people overcome the effects of cancer and its treatments, such as fatigue and weight gain.

"The evidence review shows that physical exercise does not increase fatigue during treatment, and can in fact boost energy after treatment."

"It can also lower their chances of getting heart disease and osteoporosis.

"Also, doing recommended levels of physical activity may reduce the chance of dying from the disease. It may also help reduce the risk of the cancer coming back."

Previous research shows that exercising to the recommended levels can reduce the risk of breast cancer recurring by 40%. For prostate cancer the risk of dying from the disease is reduced by up to 30%.

Bowel cancer patients' risk of dying from the disease can be cut by around 50% by doing around six hours of moderate physical activity a week.

Ciaran Devane, chief executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, said physical activity was very important to the survival and recovery process.

Keeping active after treatment for cancer is now recommended by cancer experts

"Cancer patients would be shocked if they knew just how much of a benefit physical activity could have on their recovery and long term health, in some cases reducing their chances of having to go through the gruelling ordeal of treatment all over again.

"It doesn't need to be anything too strenuous, doing the gardening, going for a brisk walk or a swim, all count."

Traditionally cancer patients were told to rest after their cancer treatment, but the report says this approach could put cancer patients at risk.

Jane Maher, chief medical officer of Macmillan Cancer Support and a leading clinical oncologist said: "The advice that I would have previously given to one of my patients would have been to 'take it easy'.

"This has now changed significantly because of the recognition that if physical exercise were a drug, it would be hitting the headlines."

Martin Ledwick, head information nurse at Cancer Research UK, was a little more cautious.

"Anything that improves wellbeing and reduces treatment side effects for cancer survivors has to be a good thing.

"But the evidence that exercise has a bearing on survival is not conclusive. It is important to remember that no two cancer patients are the same, so rehabilitation programmes that include physical activity will need to be tailored to the individual."

A spokesperson from the Department of Health said it was vital that people with cancer are given the support to lead an active life.

"Physical activity and a healthy lifestyle can impact very positively on cancer outcomes and, as part of the National Cancer Survivorship Initiative, we are working with Macmillan to integrate physical activity services into cancer care pilot sites.

"Locally led initiatives such as Let's Get Moving are also well placed to signpost cancer patients to community-based physical activity opportunities."

北捷電扶梯塌陷　副站長跌落機坑喪命

2011-08-03T15:10:00.000-07:00

離譜到極點

北捷電扶梯塌陷　副站長跌落機坑喪命【2011/8/3 20:10】

副站長郭政杰發生墜落意外的捷運頂溪站1號出口4號手扶梯（右側蓋帆布處），長約3公尺的防洪檔板因被直立搬運，手扶梯上升到中段時，撞破天花板（上方破損處），反作用力下，撐破手扶梯踏板，郭政杰不幸墜落深約6公尺機坑。（記者吳仁捷攝）

台北捷運中和線頂溪捷運站今日凌晨傳出不幸意外，一名副站長在進行防洪擋板演練時，疑手扶梯踏板塌陷，不慎跌落手扶梯下方深達５公尺的深洞，受困了近６個小時才被救出，緊急送醫後不治。案發的一號出口事後封閉，大批通勤民眾從二號出口進出，造成壅塞。（記者羅沛德攝）

〔本報訊〕台北捷運永和頂溪站傳出副站長郭政杰今天凌晨獨自搬運防洪器材，卻摔落手扶梯導致身亡的不幸意外。意外消息傳出後，外界對為何郭政杰於凌晨2時 43分跌落手扶梯，卻直到凌晨5時許才被人發現，充滿質疑。新北市勞工局表示目前已對整起意外展開進一步調查，將追究北捷是否有勞安疏失。

郭政杰受困近6小時　失血過多

　郭政杰為進行防洪演練，今天凌晨2時43分獨自一人用電扶梯搬運長達3公尺的檔版，過程中檔版卻意外頂到上方天花板，強大的反作用力頂破手扶梯踏階外，也令郭政杰瞬間跌入手扶梯機坑，受困其中。

　由於郭政杰跌落時無人知曉，因此直到鄰近的永安市場捷運站保全聯繫不上郭政杰後，才趕赴頂溪站協尋，並至凌晨5時許才發現郭政杰竟跌落在手電扶梯坑道內，此時趕緊找人來拆手卸電扶梯踏板等，耗了2、3個小時，才將受困的郭政杰拉出，但此時傷者已無心跳，經緊急送醫後仍宣告不治。

捷運公司強調無延誤救援　勞工局將究責

　捷運公司表示，台北捷運每年都有例行防洪演練，因此早有設計一套行動計畫。意外發生時剛好只有郭政杰一人值班，經保全發現聯繫不上郭政杰後，隨即出動人力展開搜尋，強調過程中並無延誤救援。

　意外發生後，檢警隨即前往現場展開調查，新北市勞工局也同時就北捷是否有勞安疏失，展開進一步追查。台北市市長郝龍斌也於下午前往醫院探視家屬，並承諾將對因公殉職的郭政杰從優撫卹，同時將盡快釐清造成意外的原因。

安全新聞與故事

2011-07-31T19:02:00.000-07:00

Prime-Line Products Recalls Child Bathtub Non-Slip Pads Due To Fall Hazard

WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, in cooperation with the firm named below, today announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed. It is illegal to resell or attempt to resell a recalled consumer product.

Name of Products: Bathtub Non-Slip Pads

Units: About 8,000

Importer: Prime-Line Products Company Inc., of Redlands, Calif.

Hazard: Some pads do not stick to the bathtub surface, posing a fall hazard to consumers.

Incidents/Injuries: Prime-Line has received one report of the pad failure. No injuries were reported.

Description: The recalled items are whale-shaped, white, vinyl, non-slip bathtub pads with textured surfaces and adhesive backings and are used to help prevent children from slipping and falling in bathtubs. The pads come in sets of 12 and 15. Each set contains pads that range in size from 2 to 4 inches tall. The model number is S-4630 and SKU number is 049793846303. Both are printed on the back of the packaging.

Sold at: Ace Hardware & Menards nationwide between May 24, 2010 and June 13, 2011 for about $6.

Manufactured in: China

Remedy: Consumers should immediately stop using the pads and contact Prime-Line to receive a full refund.

Consumer Contact: For additional information, contact Prime-Line at (855) 839-9555 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. PT. Consumers also can visit the Prime-Line website at www.prime-line-products.com

One non-slip pad, model number S-4630

The pads are sold in packages of 12 or 15

陳菊摔傷腰椎須住院兩週

〔記者楊菁菁、蔡清華、胡健森／綜合報導〕高雄市長陳菊昨天清晨不慎在礁溪的長榮鳳凰飯店內滑倒摔傷腰椎，昨午緊急從宜蘭搭乘醫療專機轉到高醫，高醫醫療團隊判定為第一腰椎骨折，評估並未傷及神經，而且非複雜性骨折，不需要動手術，但須住院一至二週。

自費從宜蘭搭醫療專機到高醫

高市府新聞局長賴瑞隆表示，陳菊市長職務將由第一副市長劉世芳暫代，市政推動應不致受影響；至於醫療專機費用「由陳菊自費支應」。

這是陳菊擔任市長五年來第三次住院。第一次住院是二○○七年四月廿六日，後來檢查是輕微中風；今年六月九日因腎盂發炎高燒再度住院，六月十五日出院。

陳菊是卅日偕同市府觀光局長陳盛山、民政局長曾姿雯，就大型活動舉辦前往觀摩宜蘭童玩節，並與宜蘭縣府就觀光發展進行交流。

根據市府團隊說法，陳菊在浴室內滑倒後，導致壓迫性骨折，疼痛到根本站不起來，幸好當時房間內有一名女性友人陪同，女性隨扈房間也在隔壁，兩人立即飛奔到陳菊身旁，隨扈第一時間打電話給衛生局長何啟功，何隨即通知宜蘭縣衛生局長及陽明大學附設宜蘭醫院，經當地醫療團隊評估並尊重陳菊意願，允許她搭乘醫療專機回到高醫進行後續治療。

高醫院長吳俊仁昨召集副院長賴文德（陳菊四年前中風時主治醫師）、小港醫院院長劉景寬（神經內科權威，也是陳菊先前中風治療時的醫療團）、骨科主任鄭裕民、脊椎疼痛科醫師呂衍謀組成醫療團隊，經電腦斷層後判定為第一腰椎骨折，檢查感覺運動神經反應良好，由於並無壓迫或傷害到神經系統，沒有造成下肢麻痺癱瘓風險，決定採取保守治療，先讓陳菊穿戴背架（俗稱鐵衣）臥床休息，讓脊椎自體修復。

高醫團隊指出，以陳菊年齡六十一歲來看，多少都會有骨質疏鬆的情況，跌倒導致骨折情況很普遍，這種急性腰椎骨折是非常痛的，所以第一時間先採取疼痛控制，陳菊到院時神智清楚，但因為痛無法翻身移動，陳菊是固定在擔架中送到病房，血壓收縮壓一五○mmHg或舒張壓九○mmHg，心跳每分鐘八十八下，直到以背架固定後加上止痛藥劑，疼痛才見舒緩。

宜蘭縣長林聰賢得知陳菊跌倒後，隨即偕同夫人林素雲到醫院探視。林聰賢說，陳菊難得回娘家（陳菊是宜蘭人）卻發生這樣的事情，讓大家很不捨，希望她趕快好起來；陳菊則說，這麼久才回宜蘭一趟卻讓大家擔心，實在很不好意思。

長榮鳳凰（礁溪）公關經理單筱輝說，飯店工作人員在上午六點廿分接到陳市長隨行人員的通知後，急召救護車並安排就醫，陳菊跌倒的地點是在客房內而非浴室，陳菊在他人攙扶下走上救護車，並回頭跟大家說再見。

trapdoor, hinge panel, tempering date code

謀財害命

藏經閣外的掃葉人張貼於台語與佛典 - 2 小時以前

[image: 84] 記得 1992年，和公司裡的二當家的與 A 公司的重要幹部到中國訪問，在深圳一家餐廳吃火鍋，結果端上來的是鋁鍋，我將餐廳老闆叫來，說：「這是鋁鍋，在溫度攝氏九十度時會釋放出毒素來，你們餐廳怎麼可以用鋁鍋來煮火鍋呢？」老闆說：「先生，這鋁鍋在您之前至少有四百個客人用過了，真的要是有毒，前面那四百個客人也早就中毒身亡，毒素也都釋放光了，您老就放心用餐吧，這些美國人膽子小，怕死，您老...

六輕火警不斷

2011-07-30T07:17:00.000-07:00

六輕火警不斷台塑化董總座請辭中油協助改善工安
2011/07/30 18:27 鉅亨網記者陳俐妏台北

台塑 (1301) 六輕廠工安火警不斷！今天台塑高層除對外說明詳情外，也祭出罕見高層辭職負責的動作。台塑今天下午正式對外發布聲明稿，台塑化 (6505) 董事長王文潮引咎辭職，總經理蘇啟邑也一併提出辭呈，以示負責。總裁王文淵今天早上即刻召開臨時行政中心會議，經檢討結果決定接受王文潮和蘇啟邑辭職，並將儘速召開董事會決定新任人選。

台塑 (1301) 方面說明，7月30日清晨53分台塑石化公司煉油廠發生火災事件，於清晨2點50火勢完全撲滅，無人員傷亡。火災發生原因初步判定，係煉油廠丙烯回收製程中的丙烯脫硫乾燥器破裂，造成丙烯外洩，引發火災。至於設備破裂詳細原因及所造成損害情形則尚在調查當中。連續發生火災事件，引起社會及當地居民不安，謹再次鄭重向社會大眾、雲林鄉親及中央和地方政府相關主管單位致上最深的歉意。

台塑也說明，鑑於麥寮當地天候環境惡劣，除了依照原所規劃，全力持續推動製程設備總體檢及修護改善工作，並將引進國外先進專業廠商，協助推動六輕公共管線整改工程外，行政中心會議並且作成決議，敦請中油公司組成專案改善團隊協助謀求徹底改善。

王文淵今天上午除了立即向經濟部長施顏祥報告，並向中油高層提出請託，在經濟部表達支持下，中油公司也慨然應允協助，台塑表示由衷感謝，並相信在多管齊下的改善措施，及中油公司專案團隊協助之下，應該可以彌補台塑的不足，求得問題的徹底解決。

WENZHOU, China-Train car involved in accident buried one day after collision

2011-07-24T22:16:00.000-07:00

Train car involved in accident buried one day after collision

BY ATSUSHI OKUDERA CORRESPONDENT

2011/07/25

Part of a derailed train car, lower left, is buried using heavy machinery in Wenzhou, China, on July 24. (Teruo Kashiyama)Workers on July 24 bury part of a derailed train car, lower right, involved in a collision in Wenzhou, China. (Teruo Kashiyama)

WENZHOU, China-Workers began burying on July 24 what is believed to be part of the front car that collided with another train along a high-speed railway line near Wenzhou.

Before dawn on July 24, one train car that derailed and toppled over lay stuck into the ground while leaning against the elevated track.

On the ground nearby was what looked like the front car of the train that is believed to have collided into another train that had stopped on the track. The front car was split in two.

From around 6 a.m. on July 24, seven loading shovels begin digging a hole in the vegetable field next to the accident scene.

The workers dug a hole about four to five meters deep and about 20 meters wide. At around 7:30 a.m., one of the loading shovels began to crush the front car. The train driver's seat containing various equipment was destroyed and what remained of the train car was buried in the hole.

中國當局處理"7.23動車事故"引眾怒

2011-07-24T16:43:00.000-07:00

新聞報導 | 2011.07.24
中國當局處理"7.23動車事故"引眾怒

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, workers prepare to clear the wrecked train cars in Wenzhou, east China's Zhejiang Province, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A bullet train crashed into another high-speed train Saturday, killing dozens of people and once again raising safety concerns about the country's fast-expanding rail network. (Foto:Xinhua, Ju Huanzong/AP/dapd) NO SALES
7.23動車相撞事故
7月23日，浙江溫州境內發生高鐵列車追撞事件，事故造成35人死亡，受傷人數兩百多人，事故發生後，救援工作在緊張進行。 24日，當局舉行記者發布會，只允許官媒進入引起公憤。

據中國官方媒體新華社說，在浙江省溫州境內，D3115火車遭雷擊後失去動力，隨後遭到高鐵列車追撞。其中4節車廂從高架橋墜至地面，另外2節車廂脫軌。事故已造成35人死亡，210人受傷，死者中有2名外籍人士。這起事故恐再度引發外界對中國快速擴張鐵路的疑慮。

事故發生後，官方組織的救援工作之外，民間的救助彰顯公民力量。網絡時代的信息傳播優勢也愈加明顯，新浪微博、Twitter上有大量關於此事故的信息在轉載。

而公眾集中於事故的焦點多為：中國官方的救援工作、應急處理、信息是否公開等。

中國媒體人透露：官方阻止報導

7月24日，有中國媒體人士透露，各媒體已經接到中宣部通知，要求"溫州動車追尾事故，各媒體要及時報導鐵道部發布的消息，各地媒體不派記者去採訪，特別是要管好子報、子刊和網站，不要鏈接高鐵發展相關信息，不做反思性報導。"

事故發生後中國鐵道部內部協調會，國務院副總理張德江以及鐵道部部長盛光祖等官員以及浙江與溫州地方的領導官員出席。一位在現場的媒體人透露，由於僅極少數媒體如新華社和中央電視台等准予進入，會後門外其他的媒體記者們要求採訪，一概被拒。鐵道部長盛光祖欲開溜之時，有多名媒體男性記者衝上前造成衝突，現場有女記者衝其吐口水。

24日，中國當局欲召開記者發布會，但據現場等候的杭州新聞廣播記者稱，但由於鐵道部發言人搭乘的飛機晚點，發布會時間一直不能確定。當時距離事發已近24小時，來自全國各地和國外的媒體都在等待這場發布會。許多記者都是超過30小時以上未合眼，連續工作。

Chinese rescuers work around the wreckage of train cars in Wenzhou in east China's Zhejiang province, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A bullet train crashed into another high-speed train, killing dozens of people and once again raising safety concerns about the country's fast- expanding rail network. (Foto:Color China Photo/AP/dapd) CHINA OUT事發時現場

網民批評官方救援遲滯

事故發生後，一篇作者署名為"kara"的文章在網上熱傳，披露事件經歷，稱事件發生後，幾乎所有的逃生都為自救和乘客間的互助，也遇到溫州熱心市民的幫助，但出事的動車組及官方救援遲遲未現。

另據中國媒體人"五嶽散人"、作家許暉等在微博發布信息，當凌晨四時，央視報導稱現場沒有任何生命體徵了，搜救工作已於凌晨2時結束，凌晨五點，發現一名倖存者，至凌晨七時，中央電視台新聞說反复搜救後已經沒有生命體徵，現場開始切割車體，把豎在橋旁的車廂推倒，至24日下午五時，再次發現一名倖存者。就職香港陽光衛視的中國媒體人賈葭轉述香港有線台消息,指出事後被吊在高架橋上的一節車廂,被直接用鋼索拉倒在地,尚不清楚被拉倒時,是否已經救出所有人員和處理好遇難遺體?

出事車廂被掩埋？

24日，又有中國網友發布照片及傳播信息，在事故現場，大型的挖掘機正在作業，有網友指中國官方即將掩埋事故車廂，但官方隨即闢謠，說是為了挖鬆土壤進行救援。但浙江電台交通之聲現場記者在電台官方微博上報導稱，現在已經有7、8輛挖土機抵達事故現場，在墜落的幾節動車車廂旁挖了幾個直徑有10米左右的大坑，挖土機直接對車廂進行破拆，並將車廂的一些碎片進行碾壓，然後推入坑中進行現場掩埋。

台灣知名演員伊能靜對此發表評論：法國飛機失事，殘骸數年沒有清理，即使是一小片殘骸也會查清楚如何斷裂、切割面怎麼形成，瞬間的撞擊力、撞擊距離等等細節，並用電腦模擬還原失事現場，以防止下一次悲劇發生。如果是雷擊，雷雨中運行的動車如此頻繁，怎麼避免下次雷擊？前班車停行時，如何通知車輛全體停行，誰能負責回答。

公眾要求信息公開

24日，中國公眾對7.23動車事故，中國官方因為封鎖媒體報導、救援不力引發網民如潮的憤怒，有公眾先是在網絡上發出針對此事故的十大疑問，包括此次動車的調度是否存在問題？是否救出所有受傷人員？為何要掩埋掉落的車廂等。

中國官方立即做出的撤銷上海鐵路局局長的決定並沒有平息公眾情緒，民間要求鐵道部部長盛光祖下台的聲音持續高漲。

而更多的中國網民在情緒表達的同時，提出清醒而理性的主張：要求中國官方全面公示事件的信息，包括事故原因、經過、如何救援、如何安撫死難者、問責等。

而一些中國媒體和微博，也沒有像以往一樣完全聽從中宣部的禁令，仍有大量關於事故的信息在發出和轉載。

中國時評人童大煥為此寫下一首小詩："中國，請停下你飛奔的腳步，等一等你的人民，等一等你的靈魂，等一等你的道德，等一等你的良知！不要讓列車脫軌，不要讓橋樑坍塌，不要讓道路成陷阱，不要讓房屋成危樓。慢點走，讓每一個生命都有自由和尊嚴，每一個人都不被"時代"拋下，每一個人都順利平安地抵達終點。"

作者:吳雨

責編:苗子

新闻报道 | 2011.07.24

中国当局处理"7.23动车事故"引众怒

7.23动车相撞事故

7月23日，浙江温州境内发生高铁列车追撞事件，事故造成35人死亡，受伤人数两百多人，事故发生后，救援工作在紧张进行。24日，当局举行记者发布会，只允许官媒进入引起公愤。

据中国官方媒体新华社说，在浙江省温州境内，D3115火车遭雷击后失去动力，随后遭到高铁列车追撞。其中4节车厢从高架桥坠至地面，另外2节车厢脱轨。事故已造成35人死亡，210人受伤，死者中有2名外籍人士。这起事故恐再度引发外界对中国快速扩张铁路的疑虑。

事故发生后，官方组织的救援工作之外，民间的救助彰显公民力量。网络时代的信息传播优势也愈加明显，新浪微博、Twitter上有大量关于此事故的信息在转载。

而公众集中于事故的焦点多为：中国官方的救援工作、应急处理、信息是否公开等。

中国媒体人透露：官方阻止报道

7月24日，有中国媒体人士透露，各媒体已经接到中宣部通知，要求"温州动车追尾事故，各媒体要及时报道铁道部发布的消息，各地媒体不派记者去采访，特别是要管好子报、子刊和网站，不要链接高铁发展相关信息，不做反思性报道。"

事故发生后中国铁道部内部协调会，国务院副总理张德江以及铁道部部长盛光祖等官员以及浙江与温州地方的领导官员出席。一位在现场的媒体人透露，由于仅极少数媒体如新华社和中央电视台等准予进入，会后门外其他的媒体记者们要求采访，一概被拒。铁道部长盛光祖欲开溜之时，有多名媒体男性记者冲上前造成冲突，现场有女记者冲其吐口水。

24日，中国当局欲召开记者发布会，但据现场等候的杭州新闻广播记者称，但由于铁道部发言人搭乘的飞机晚点，发布会时间一直不能确定。当时距离事发已近24小时，来自全国各地和国外的媒体都在等待这场发布会。许多记者都是超过30小时以上未合眼，连续工作。

事发时现场

网民批评官方救援迟滞

事故发生后，一篇作者署名为"kara"的文章在网上热传，披露事件经历，称事件发生后，几乎所有的逃生都为自救和乘客间的互助，也遇到温州热心市民的帮助，但出事的动车组及官方救援迟迟未现。

另据中国媒体人"五岳散人"、作家许晖等在微博发布信息，当凌晨四时，央视报道称现场没有任何生命体征了，搜救工作已于凌晨2时结束，凌晨五点，发现一名幸存者，至凌晨七时，中央电视台新闻说反复搜救后已经没有生命体征，现场开始切割车体，把竖在桥旁的车厢推倒，至24日下午五时，再次发现一名幸存者。就职香港阳光卫视的中国媒体人贾葭转述香港有线台消息,指出事后被吊在高架桥上的一节车厢,被直接用钢索拉倒在地,尚不清楚被拉倒时,是否已经救出所有人员和处理好遇难遗体?

出事车厢被掩埋？

24日，又有中国网友发布照片及传播信息，在事故现场，大型的挖掘机正在作业，有网友指中国官方即将掩埋事故车厢，但官方随即辟谣，说是为了挖松土壤进行救援。但浙江电台交通之声现场记者在电台官方微博上报道称，现在已经有7、8辆挖土机抵达事故现场，在坠落的几节动车车厢旁挖了几个直径有10米左右的大坑，挖土机直接对车厢进行破拆，并将车厢的一些碎片进行碾压，然后推入坑中进行现场掩埋。

台湾知名演员伊能静对此发表评论：法国飞机失事，残骸数年没有清理，即使是一小片残骸也会查清楚如何断裂、切割面怎么形成，瞬间的撞击力、撞击距离等等细节，并用电脑模拟还原失事现场，以防止下一次悲剧发生。如果是雷击，雷雨中运行的动车如此频繁，怎么避免下次雷击？前班车停行时，如何通知车辆全体停行，谁能负责回答。

公众要求信息公开

24日，中国公众对7.23动车事故，中国官方因为封锁媒体报道、救援不力引发网民如潮的愤怒，有公众先是在网络上发出针对此事故的十大疑问，包括此次动车的调度是否存在问题？是否救出所有受伤人员？为何要掩埋掉落的车厢等。

中国官方立即做出的撤销上海铁路局局长的决定并没有平息公众情绪，民间要求铁道部部长盛光祖下台的声音持续高涨。

而更多的中国网民在情绪表达的同时，提出清醒而理性的主张：要求中国官方全面公示事件的信息，包括事故原因、经过、如何救援、如何安抚死难者、问责等。

而一些中国媒体和微博，也没有象以往一样完全听从中宣部的禁令，仍有大量关于事故的信息在发出和转载。

中国时评人童大焕为此写下一首小诗："中国，请停下你飞奔的脚步，等一等你的人民，等一等你的灵魂，等一等你的道德，等一等你的良知！不要让列车脱轨，不要让桥梁坍塌，不要让道路成陷阱，不要让房屋成危楼。慢点走，让每一个生命都有自由和尊严，每一个人都不被"时代"抛下，每一个人都顺利平安地抵达终点。"

作者:吴雨

责编:苗子

動車追撞、脫軌意外　已釀32人遇難、191人受傷

2011-07-23T16:53:00.000-07:00

也許是2周前
朋友在討論中國的快速鐵路的不安全
沒想到這樣快就發生了

中國火車脫軌墜橋 16死89傷

中國溫州火車脫軌墜橋現場（歐新社）

〔編譯管淑平／綜合報導〕中國二十三日晚間一列從杭州開往福州的火車，二十三日晚間行駛到溫州附近時，疑遭後方列車追撞導致兩列車六節車廂脫軌墜橋，多名乘客受困，已知十六死、八十九人受傷送醫。

雷擊斷電後方列車追撞肇禍

根據新華社報導，脫軌列車為浙江杭州開往福建福州的D3115次列車，二十三日晚間八時三十四分在溫州雙嶼鎮附近一段高架路段時，遭後方北京開往福州的 D301次同向列車追撞，兩列車共六節車廂出軌墜橋、嚴重變形，多人受困。據目擊者和網路現場照片，有節墜地車廂斷成兩截，另節車廂則是垂直掛在空中，現場情況嚴重，「救援人員從已墜落地面車廂中抬出很多人」，還有人目擊滿頭是血的傷者撬開車窗爬出來逃生。該橋距地面約二十到三十公尺。

乘客稱車廂還有70人等待救援

另據港媒和新浪網報導，當時D3115次列車疑是遭雷擊失去動力臨停時，遭後方D301次列車追撞。D301次列車第一到四節車廂出軌、D3115次列車是第十五、十六節車廂出軌。一名溫姓女乘客說，「D3115司機減速，但沒有通知後方列車，導致追尾（追撞）」。她還說，出軌車廂中只有幾個人爬出來，裡面還有六十到七十人等待救援。

事故路段屬中國高鐵路網杭福深客運專線，D3115次列車在下午四時三十六分從杭州發車，全程七百四十公里，每節車廂可搭載約一百人。據稱事故發生時列車滿載，估計搭載了一千三百到一千四百人。

D3115次動車在浙江溫州脫軌。〔圖／翻攝中新網〕

大陸新聞中心／綜合報導

發生在昨(23)晚8時34分的大陸溫州動車追撞、脫軌意外事故，截至目前為止，已造成32人遇難、191人受傷，現場疏散人數則高達1300多人。溫州市長趙一德表示，將全力清查事故現場，「不會放棄一個生命信息」。

根據大陸官方媒體新華網今日凌晨持續從溫州事故現場發出的消息指出，一列由浙江杭州開往福建福州的「和諧號」D3115次動車，在昨日晚間8時34分行駛至溫州市雙嶼下嶴路段發生脫軌，共三節車廂掉落橋下。

報導說，動車脫軌原因是D3115次動車遭雷擊後失去動力停車，被後面快速開上來的D301次動車追撞，使得D301次動車第1至4節脫軌，至於 D3115次動車則是第15、16節脫軌，其中1節車廂並由高架橋上墜落地面。中國廣播網引述現場消息表示，動車是因遭到雷擊後失去動力停車，導致追撞發生。

這起重大交通事故發生後，大陸鐵道部副部長胡亞東率領工作小組，緊急趕赴溫州指導救援工作。鐵道部昨近午夜時也緊急向各鐵路局下發調度令，要求所有鐵路局局長深入一線指揮，強化安全管理，確保運輸安全。

發生事故所在地的溫州市長趙一德則說，據初步估算，發生事故的兩輛列車中，前面一列有900多人、後面一列有500多人。目前，已有191名傷患被分送到附近及溫州市區的8家醫院，對於沒有受傷的旅客，溫州市也調派大批車輛安排轉運作業，據估計，現場已疏散1300多名乘客。

此外，根據新華社報導，D3115次列車事故現場附近，對向車道的D3212次列車也同樣遭遇雷擊，導致列車停駛。D3212次列車上的乘客接受訪問時指出，在經過溫州南站開往溫嶺站途中，最後一節車廂遭遇了雷擊，導致供電系統中斷，列車用盡備用電源後停運，但沒有造成人員傷亡。

分隔輪班工作的雇員可能面臨健康危險 (2005)

2011-07-21T19:22:00.000-07:00

英國健康與安全部的研究表明，分隔輪班工作的雇員可能面臨健康危險。

研究表明，海洋石油鑽井平臺上的工人連續工作7個夜班，然後再上7個白班，得心臟病的風險高過那些連續上夜班，或連續上白班的人。

新科學家雜誌報導說，分隔輪班的工人更容易疲勞，注意力更不容易集中。

職業健康專家凱瑞·庫柏說，讓工人參與安排排班能夠減少健康問題。

加蒂夫大學和吉爾福德大學的研究人員調查了45名鑽井平臺工人的健康狀況，並且比較了兩種重要的排班規律對工人的影響。

在兩個多星期當中，這些工人可能按照要求工作長達12個小時的白班或者夜班。

另外一些人間隔輪班工作，他們先連續上7個夜班，然後連續上7個白班。許多人喜歡這樣的安排，因為這樣在回家前他們能夠形成夜間睡覺的習慣。

不過研究發現這樣安排對他們的健康不利。

對這些間隔輪班工作的工人進行的尿檢顯示松果腺分泌激素水平超高，這是一種調節睡眠的激素，一般在夜間分泌，但是當形成新睡眠時間後，這種激素分泌不能同步進行。

這些工人飯後血液中的脂肪酸也比白天工作，或者夜班工作的工人水平高，表明他們患心臟病，糖尿病和其他代謝疾病的風險更高。

研究人員說，間隔輪班能夠致命。研究人員還說，工人應該努力避免間隔輪班，避免讓他們的生物鐘處於不良狀態。

研究人員還說，立法機構不可能強迫公司堅持某種特定工作時間，但是間隔輪班的人在夜間避免高脂和高糖食品能夠減少健康風險。

cancer-related deaths of workers at its semiconductor complex

2011-07-14T22:16:00.000-07:00

Samsung Electronics Touts Safety Study

Samsung Electronics said a study it commissioned concluded that its factories were safe, amid questions over cancer-related deaths of workers at its semiconductor complex in suburban Seoul.

「ST安全玩具」標誌: 台灣兒童玩具暨兒童用品研發中心 TCC

2011-07-12T16:21:00.000-07:00

莫名其妙的財團法人台灣兒童玩具暨兒童用品研發中心TCC
http://www.ttrd.org.tw/st/st.aspx

消基會抽查泳圈逾3成含塑化劑
自由時報
針對炎炎夏日小朋友們游泳戲水必備的「泳圈」，消基會12日公布最新檢測結果，18件購買的樣品中，其中6件含有超過標準百倍的DEHP塑化劑，不合格率達3成，圖為小朋友抓著游泳圈在泳池中開心戲水。（記者廖振輝攝）〔本報訊〕炎炎夏日，許多家長都會送孩子到泳池學游泳， ...
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消基會測游泳圈三成不合格塑化含量超標百倍
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消基會12日公佈最新檢測資料，針對夏日民眾最愛的游泳運動，檢測小朋友們必備的「泳圈」，18件購買的檢體中，其中6件含有超過標準百倍的DEHP塑化劑，其中一件還有「ST安全玩具」標誌。端午過後收棉被，夏季也正式展開，戲水是此時小朋友最愛的活動，各種可愛泳圈則是不可 ...

台灣的公共安全爛

2011-07-06T18:21:00.000-07:00

蘋論：公共安全爛

2011年 07月05日

宏達電新建的桃園廠房，昨上午發生工地鋼骨結構倒塌意外，造成2死6傷。初步研判是結構體設計不良，強度不足，以致崩塌造成死傷。

人行道不平未解決

台灣的恐怖在於公共安全的意識與防備措施馬虎，每天都有傷亡。隨手舉例來看：電梯意外、上下公車跌倒摔傷、路上的奪命電桿、馬路邊的大電箱、路面的凸起與凹陷、割斷機車騎士喉嚨的下垂電線、裝在騎樓牆上和人行道邊，讓人撞的頭破血流的鐵盒子或冷氣、騎樓高低不平的人行道……危機四伏，處處陷阱，都在誘敵深入，一舉殲滅。

在個人年均收入15000美元的現代社會，大概只有台灣的公共空間這麼落後危險。誰的責任？毫無疑問是政府的責任。台北市的預算冠全國，但郝龍斌做了兩任，連騎樓人行道的高低不平都沒解決，走一條騎樓一會兒上，一會兒下，要不就是階梯，走路若不看地就保證跌個半死。為什麼外國人，包括香港人走路抬頭挺胸？因為對人行道的平坦安全有信心。為什麼台灣人走路低頭駝背？因為怕跌倒。路平專案鋪平的是車道，不是人行道。誰有魄力打平所有騎樓的人行道，肅清所有傷人的路障，我們就選他當下任市長。對已無競選壓力的郝龍斌，我們完全不存希望了。

海蜇皮、鬆餅含鋁超高無法管

2011-07-05T18:43:00.000-07:00

【記者楊慧玉台北報導】在「鋁」可能造成阿茲海默症的疑慮下，大同電鍋的內鍋改用不鏽鋼材質。但消費者或許不知道，食品中也含有鋁。消基會採樣檢驗市售海蜇皮與鬆餅共二十五件，海蜇皮全軍覆沒，鋁含量均超過五百ppm；鬆餅僅星巴克安全過關，其餘皆含鋁，並介於一百至五百ppm之間。

在動物實驗上，鋁會造成神經毒性，攝取過多可能造成老人癡呆症、失智症；並具有生殖毒性及發育毒性，可能影響孕婦及發育中的孩童。聯合國農糧組織及世衛組織二○○六年將鋁（包括食品添加劑）暫定每周可容忍攝入量為每公斤體重一毫克。

大陸則限定在不同食物中的最高鋁殘留量則為一百ppm。

台北科技學院餐飲管理系副教授李哲瑜指出，海蜇皮是一種水母，必須經過脫水加工處理，過程中會使用明礬，而明礬就是一種含鋁的物質，雖經清洗、川燙、烹煮，含鋁量不會明顯變少。

在中西式點心中，如鬆餅、油條、蛋糕、蒸糕等以低筋麵粉製作的食品，經常使用的膨鬆劑也有部分含鋁。

李哲瑜強調，就國內食品標準，目前並未對鋁有相關規範，因此檢驗出超「標」的業者並無違法，但希望藉此提醒消費者攝取相關食品要適量。

The Effects of Light on Melatonin

2011-07-05T07:08:00.000-07:00

The Effects of Light on Melatonin

malaria, circadian rhythm

In Eyes, a Clock Calibrated by Wavelengths of Light

By LAURA BEIL

Published: July 4, 2011

Just as the ear has two purposes — hearing and telling you which way is up — so does the eye. It receives the input necessary for vision, but the retina also houses a network of sensors that detect the rise and fall of daylight. With light, the body sets its internal clock to a 24-hour cycle regulating an estimated 10 percent of our genes.

Enlarge This Image

Otto Steininger

The workhorse of this system is the light-sensitive hormone melatonin, which is produced by the body every evening and during the night. Melatonin promotes sleep and alerts a variety of biological processes to the approximate hour of the day.

Light hitting the retina suppresses the production of melatonin — and there lies the rub. In this modern world, our eyes are flooded with light well after dusk, contrary to our evolutionary programming. Scientists are just beginning to understand the potential health consequences. The disruption of circadian cycles may not just be shortchanging our sleep, they have found, but also contributing to a host of diseases.

“Light works as if it’s a drug, except it’s not a drug at all,” said George Brainard, a neurologist at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia and one of the first researchers to study light’s effects on the body’s hormones and circadian rhythms.

Any sort of light can suppress melatonin, but recent experiments have raised novel questions about one type in particular: the blue wavelengths produced by many kinds of energy-efficient light bulbs and electronic gadgets.

Dr. Brainard and other researchers have found that light composed of blue wavelengths slows the release of melatonin with particular effectiveness. Until recently, though, few studies had directly examined how blue-emitting electronics might affect the brain.

So scientists at the University of Basel in Switzerland tried a simple experiment: They asked 13 men to sit before a computer each evening for two weeks before going to bed.

During one week, for five hours every night, the volunteers sat before an old-style fluorescent monitor emitting light composed of several colors from the visible spectrum, though very little blue. Another week, the men sat at screens backlighted by light-emitting diodes, or LEDs. This screen was twice as blue.

“To our surprise, we saw huge differences,” said Christian Cajochen, who heads the Center for Chronobiology at the University of Basel. Melatonin levels in volunteers watching the LED screens took longer to rise at night, compared with when the participants were watching the fluorescent screens, and the deficit persisted throughout the evening.

The subjects also scored higher on tests of memory and cognition after exposure to blue light, Dr. Cajochen and his team reported in the May issue of The Journal of Applied Physiology. While men were able to recall pairs of words flashed across the fluorescent screen about half the time, some scores rose to almost 70 percent when they stared at the LED monitors.

The finding adds to a series of others suggesting, though certainly not proving, that exposure to blue light may keep us more awake and alert, partly by suppressing production of melatonin. An LED screen bright enough and big enough “could be giving you an alert stimulus at a time that will frustrate your body’s ability to go to sleep later,” said Dr. Brainard. “When you turn it off, it doesn’t mean that instantly the alerting effects go away. There’s an underlying biology that’s stimulated.”

Still, nobody is suggesting that we all turn off the lights at dusk and sit in the dark; research into this area is in its infancy. “We are only beginning to understand what really happens under natural conditions,” said Mark Rea of the Lighting Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York.

Artificial light has been around for more than 120 years. But the light emitted by older sources, like incandescent bulbs, contains more red wavelengths. The problem now, Dr. Brainard and other researchers fear, is that our world is increasingly illuminated in blue. By one estimate, 1.6 billion new computers, televisions and cellphones were sold last year alone, and incandescent lights are being replaced by more energy-efficient, and often bluer, bulbs.

In January in the journal PLoS One, the University of Basel team also compared the effects of incandescent bulbs to fluorescents modified to emit more blue light. Men exposed to the fluorescent lights produced 40 percent less melatonin than when they were exposed to incandescent bulbs, and they reported feeling more awake an hour after the lights went off.

In addition, the quantity of light necessary to affect melatonin may be much smaller than once thought. In research published in March in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, a team at the Harvard Medical School reported that ordinary indoor lighting before bedtime suppressed melatonin in the brain, even delaying production of the hormone for 90 minutes after the lights were off, compared with people exposed to only dim light.

What do these findings mean to everyday life? Some experts believe that any kind of light too late into the evening could have broad health effects, independent of any effect on sleep. For example, a report published last year in the journal PNAS found that mice exposed to light at night gained more weight than those housed in normal light, even though both groups consumed the same number of calories.

Light at night has been examined as a contributor to breast cancer for two decades. While there is still no consensus, enough laboratory and epidemiological studies have supported the idea that in 2007, the World Health Organization declared shift work a probable carcinogen. Body clock disruptions “can alter sleep-activity patterns, suppress melatonin production and disregulate genes involved in tumor development,” the agency concluded.

Blue light’s effects might be particularly pronounced for shift workers and others who get little natural daylight, some researchers say. Consider one small trial that appears the June issue of The Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. Among 28 elderly nursing home residents, those exposed to just 30 minutes of blue light on weekdays for four weeks showed improvement in cognitive abilities, compared with patients exposed only to red.

Researchers like Dr. Brainard hope the science may lead to a new generation of lights and screens designed with wavelengths that adjust according to the hour of the day.

Among those interested are officials at NASA, who have approached the neurologist about designing light on the International Space Station in a way that promotes alertness during waking hours and encourages sleep during times of rest.

“I think we’re on the verge of a lighting revolution,” said Dr. Brainard. If the hormone-sparing lights can be made to work during spaceflight, he said, “people will use it here on the ground.”

鋼架倒塌2死7傷宏達電新廠停工

2011-07-04T20:45:00.001-07:00

鋼架倒塌2死7傷宏達電新廠停工

上百公斤重的鋼架瞬間崩塌，壓死兩名工人。（記者周敏鴻翻攝）

崩塌工地超過兩籃球場大

〔記者周敏鴻、謝武雄、王憶紅／綜合報導〕台股股王宏達電桃園廠區新建廠房的六層樓高鋼架昨發生崩塌意外，崩塌工地超過兩個籃球場大，壓住多名承包商工人，經消防人員搶救送醫，仍造成二死七傷的不幸。崩塌的新建廠房原定明年九月可完工，目前停工待調查，初判是人為疏忽，因鋼架連接處的螺絲沒鎖緊才釀禍。

死亡工人是陳淵源（四十九歲）、林明志（卅五歲），兩人頭部都被鋼架壓到，送醫前就沒呼吸心跳。其中陳淵源更直接被鋼架壓到頭，腦漿當場噴濺出來。

重傷者黃金源脊椎受傷，目前仍在林口長庚醫院治療，其餘五位傷者為都玉妹（女）、黃哲彥、謝良武、馮財富與鄭偉平，都是輕傷沒有大礙。另一圍觀工人事後也因身體不適送醫。

疑因鋼架螺絲未鎖緊釀禍

行政院勞委會北區勞動檢查所副所長李文進說，重傷與死亡的三名工人，當時都在距地面二十多公尺、最高樓層的六樓頂工作，從高處墜落才會重傷，其餘工人則分別在六樓與地下室，還好沒被鋼架壓住。

都玉妹說，「現在回想起來，還是心有餘悸。」當時她在六樓拉木板作板模，根本來不及反應就從高處摔落，所幸僅腰椎壓迫性骨折，並無大礙。

意外發生在昨上午九時卅五分，宏達電龜山鄉大智路廠區內一處新建鋼構廠房，已經豎立六層樓高的鋼架，傾斜倒塌，六根直立的鋼架如推倒骨牌般塌下，橫向的鋼架也全跟著掉落，還壓垮下方的鷹架。消防隊員小心翼翼拉出受困工人，就怕引發鋼架的第二波倒塌。第一大隊長龔永信說，直到上午十時卅分，八人才全救出。

李文進下午率員前往調查，分析工地的結構，是由六根直立的鋼架作為支柱，再搭上橫向鋼架，其中直立鋼架每根分為三截、總長卅六公尺，他說，其中第二截、第三截鋼架連接處，疑因螺絲沒有鎖緊，鋼架才會鬆動倒塌。

李文進認為，包商「建國工程」涉嫌犯了施工順序的錯誤，沒確實鎖緊鋼架螺絲，就急著施作下一步的焊接等作業，才導致工地倒塌，會配合檢方偵辦包商的業務過失致死罪責，桃園縣政府工務局則依建築法裁罰包商三萬六千元，並勒令停工。

宏達電：暫停工程將安檢

宏達電昨對此意外表示遺憾，指與事故相關的工程已全部暫停，人員也清空，將與包商一同進行安檢，會採取一切行動確保員工安全；現場工程將依安檢進度，並待相關單位通知後，分階段復工。宏達電指出，經評估後，對營運不會造成任何影響。

Biker Protesting Helmet Law Dies of Head Injury

2011-07-04T19:08:00.000-07:00

Biker Protesting Helmet Law Dies of Head Injury

During ride in upstate New York, motorcyclist flips over handlebars.

By Ben Johnson | Posted Sunday, Jul. 3, 2011, at 1:37 PM EDT

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A 55-year-old biker protesting New York State’s law requiring helmet use died at a hospital Saturday after striking his head in an accident.

The Associated Press reports that Phillip A. Contos of Parish, N.Y., was riding with others through the town of Onondaga on Saturday afternoon without head protection, to protest the state’s requirement that bikers wear helmets.

State Troopers told the Syracuse Post-Standard that Contos was driving a 1983 Harley Davidson when his bike fishtailed and he flipped over the handlebars, striking his head on the pavement. He was later pronounced dead at Upstate University Hospital. Police say that had he been wearing a helmet, Contos would probably have survived the accident.

The ride was organized in part by ABATE (American Bikers Aimed for Education), according to a local ABC affiliate reporting on the accident. A spokesperson for the group said they didn't know if Contos was a member.

Many motorcycling enthusiasts have fought against helmet laws, saying they infringe on personal rights and that studies on helmet laws impacting safety have been skewed. Michigan is currently considering a repeal of its helmet law, which has passed the senate but still needs to move through the legislature and be signed by Governor Rick Snyder.

China Illustrates Challenges for 'Global' FDA

2011-06-26T20:55:00.000-07:00

China Illustrates Challenges for 'Global' FDA

Faced with a chronic shortage of staff around the world and a lack of enforcement authority in foreign countries, the FDA has come up with a plan to transform itself into a 'truly global agency,' according to a report (pdf) on product safety and quality it released on Monday.

But there isn't more funding to put boots on the ground. Nor is it clear how the agency will acquire sharper teeth.

The FDA has asked repeatedly for additional funding from Congress to help it take on these expanded duties, but it's funding for fiscal year 2012 was actually cut by $284 million compared to 2011.

Nowhere are the global challenges of the FDA more apparent than China -- the agency's first international outpost -- where it has just 13 staff spread across three cities in a country that sent $4.9 billion in agricultural and seafood exports to the U.S. in 2007.

The agents on the ground aren't just poking around factories to spot problems. They've also got to establish relationships with local government counterparts and work with industry that want to export products to the U.S. to make sure they understand and to help navigate the FDA approval process.

In a recent interview, Christopher Hickey, the FDA's Country Director in China, says that when it comes to inspections, merely getting access to foreign facilities for inspection can be difficult, since the FDA has no authority to compel overseas manufacturers to let them in. And while the agency can slap a so-called import alert on a company that refuses FDA inspection, which results in the inspection of products at the U.S. border, the FDA doesn't have the authority to destroy products at the border without a lengthy court battle. Instead, it generally can only turn products away at port.

With drug makers, of the 6000 or so companies in China that produce drugs or active pharmaceutical ingredients, 40% to 60% aren't operating in compliance of good manufacturing practices, according to Mr. Hickey. Conveying the processes and requirements necessary to produce a safe product by U.S. standards is 'a clear challenge,' he says.

The office has been holding seminars to educate companies about these practices, as well as training sessions and mock inspections for Chinese regulatory authorities to understand how the FDA conducts its inspections, with more planned for later this year.

Several times a week, staff members 'troll' Chinese news outlets, talk with industry sources, local regulatory authorities, academics to track events, trends and news that could affect the safety of FDA-regulated products, says Mr. Hickey.

Such monitoring has led to some small early success: Last year, it learned from Chinese press that black-eye peas grown in a province in southern China were being sprayed with toxic pesticides that could cause cancer, says Mr. Hickey. Though the issue was reported as a domestic one, the staff in Guangzhou reported the concern to Beijing, who passed it on to their FDA colleagues in Washington.

Additional research found that the pesticide was considered illegal in China but readily available. Ultimately the FDA alerted its screening agents so they could look for these products at the U.S. border and conduct testing on them.

Though that specific product wasn't being shipped to the U.S., the staff identified other similar ones and processed foods that might contain the peas as one of its ingredients as ones that might be risky.

'Before we had an office here, there were not individuals at the FDA for closely following, for instance, the Chinese press,' said Mr. Hickey. 'I think we have helped to strengthen the safety of food coming from China.'

But some government officials and watchdog groups have been critical of the FDA's efforts. A September U.S. Government Accountability Office report (pdf) on the FDA's overseas offices identified several challenges to establishing effective overseas offices, including staffing difficulties, communication issues between the field offices and agency headquarters about what information needs to be gathered and an overall greater need for long-term planning.

Key among their concerns is the FDA's ability to conduct an adequate number of inspections of food and drug manufacturing facilities. While the FDA inspects domestic drug manufacturers an average of every 2.5 years, most drug facilities in China are inspected by FDA inspectors only every nine years or so, according to Allan Coukell of the Pew Charitable Trusts, who has been researching the safety of the U.S. drug-supply chain.

Some in Congress and the FDA itself says that more fundamental issues involve funding and the agency's lack of enforcement authority when it comes to goods produced abroad.

In April, eight Democratic House representatives introduced a bill, called the Drug Safety Enhancement Act, which would enhance the FDA's enforcement powers regarding imported drugs in the way that the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, signed into law in January, strengthens its enforcement abilities over food.

'It's slow-going,' said Marcia Crosse, a director of health care at the GAO who co-authored the report, of the FDA's efforts to set up the international offices and better monitor imported products. 'I do understand it takes a long time and yet my concern is it not take another decade.'

Shirley Wang

2011年 06月 27日 07:22 FDA欲全球化中國成最大挑戰

Nelson Ching/Bloomberg

2010年11月5日﹐中國深圳﹐技術人員正在藥品生產車間工作。

美

國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)週一發佈了一份有關產品安全和質量的報告。報告顯示﹐鑒於FDA國際辦事處長期缺少工作人員﹐且它在海外缺乏執行權﹐因此FDA提出了一個將自己轉變為“真正全球性機構”的計劃。

但現在沒有更多資金支持海外辦事處建設﹐另外也不清楚FDA將如何獲得更多執行權。

FDA曾多次要求美國國會給它額外撥款﹐以幫助其承擔這些範圍更廣的職責﹐但實際上﹐國會為該機構2012財年提供的資金與2011年相比竟然減少了2.84億美元。

Eugene Hoshiko/Associated Press

2010年8月13日﹐FDA專員Margaret Hamburg參觀上海市食品藥品檢驗所的一個實驗樓。

FDA在全球遇到的最明顯挑戰發生在中國﹐這個它最先設立海外辦事處的國家。中國2007年向美國出口了價值49億美元的農產品和海鮮產品﹐而FDA在中國三個城市所建辦事處的員工數量只有13名。

這些辦事處的日常工作並非只是檢查相關工廠以發現問題。它們還要與中國當地政府的對口部門建立關係﹐並與那些希望向美國出口的行業進行合作﹐確保它們理解並幫助它們完成FDA的審批程序。

FDA 駐中國的負責人希基(Christopher Hickey)前不久接受採訪時說﹐提到檢查﹐光是想辦法進入外國工廠可能就是件難事﹐因為FDA無權命令外國生產商為其敞開大門。雖然FDA可對拒絕接受檢查的公司給出所謂的進口預警通報(import alert)(即產品抵達美國邊境時要接受檢查)﹐但若不經歷一番長時間的官司糾纏﹐FDA沒有權力在美國邊境銷毀這些產品。一般來說﹐它所能做的﹐只不過是把這些產品拒之美國國門之外。

希基表示﹐中國生產藥物或活性藥物成分的公司有6000家左右﹐其中40%至60%的製藥商在經營上沒有遵守良好的生產規范。他說﹐向這些公司宣傳按照美國標準生產安全產品所需的程序和要求﹐這顯然是個挑戰。

為向中國公司宣傳良好的生產規范﹐FDA舉辦了多場研討會。此外﹐為讓中國監管當局瞭解其檢查方式﹐FDA還展開了專項培訓和模擬檢查。今年晚些時候FDA計劃推出更多這類活動。

希基說﹐FDA員工每周都要察訪好幾次新開的中國工廠﹐並與業內消息人士、當地監管機構和專家學者進行談話﹐以瞭解那些可能影響FDA相關產品安全的事件、動向和消息。

這類監控措施已經取得了一些初步成功。希基說﹐去年該機構通過中國的報紙瞭解到﹐中國南方某省生產的豇豆被噴洒了可能致癌的有毒農藥。雖然據說該事件只發生在中國國內﹐但FDA廣州辦事處的員工還是將此事匯報給了北京辦事處﹐後者又將其通報給華盛頓的同事。

FDA對此展開了其它調查併發現﹐這種農藥雖在中國被列為禁用農藥﹐但很容易就可買到。最後﹐FDA向隸屬檢查機構發出警報提醒﹐要求它們尋找是否有運抵美國邊境的豇豆類產品﹐一旦發現應予以檢測。

雖然上述有毒豇豆沒有輸往美國﹐但FDA人員發現了其它類似豇豆以及配料中可能含有這種有毒豇豆的加工食品。

希基說﹐我們在中國設辦事處之前﹐FDA沒有人專門負責密切關注中國報紙上的相關消息﹐我覺得我們在一定程度上加強了中國輸美食品的安全性。

但一些政府官員和監察組織卻對FDA的努力感到不滿。美國政府問責局(Government Accountability Office)去年9月發佈了一份有關FDA海外辦事處的報告。報告發現﹐在海外建立有效辦事處存在幾大挑戰﹐包括人員配備困難和辦事處和總部之間的溝通問題等﹐例如辦事處應收集哪些信息以及需要加大力度進行長遠規劃等。

這些挑戰中﹐最關鍵的是FDA是否有能力對食品和藥品生產企業發起足夠多的檢查。美國皮尤慈善信托基金會(Pew Charitable Trusts)的庫克爾(Allan Coukell)表示﹐雖然FDA平均每隔兩年半就對美國本土製藥商進行檢查﹐但對中國大多數製藥商來說﹐FDA差不多每九年才檢查一次。該基金會一直負責美國藥物供應鏈的安全研究。

美國國會某些議員和FDA自己都說﹐更根本的還是資金問題以及FDA缺乏對國外產品的執行權問題。

今年4月﹐八位民主黨眾議員提出了一項名為《藥品安全加強法案》(Drug Safety Enhancement Act)的議案﹐若獲得通過﹐可加強FDA對進口藥品的執行權。今年1月﹐《FDA食品安全現代化法案》(FDA Food Safety Modernization Act)獲得簽署通過並成為法律﹐增強了FDA對食品的執行能力。

美國政府問責局衛生保健主管、該報告合著者之一克羅斯(Marcia Crosse)說﹐FDA試圖在全世界建立辦事處並更好地監督進口產品﹐這是一項進展緩慢的工作﹔我非常能理解這項工作要花很長一段時間才能完成﹐而我關心的是﹐這個過程會不會還需10年時間。

Shirley Wang

‘Safety Myth’ Left Japan Ripe for Nuclear Crisis

2011-06-24T20:37:00.001-07:00

‘Safety Myth’ Left Japan Ripe for Nuclear Crisis

Ko Sasaki for The New York Times

In Shika, Japan, a nuclear plant's visitor hall promotes nuclear power with “Alice in Wonderland” characters. More Photos »

By NORIMITSU ONISHI

Published: June 24, 2011

SHIKA, Japan — Near a nuclear power plant facing the Sea of Japan, a series of exhibitions in a large public relations building here extols the virtues of the energy source with some help from “Alice in Wonderland.”

Multimedia

Slide Show

Building Japan’s Nuclear ‘Safety Myth’

Times Topic: Japan — Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Crisis (2011)
Workers Remove Device From Damaged Japanese Reactor (June 25, 2011)
Japan Plans to Unlink Nuclear Agency From Government (June 22, 2011)

“It’s terrible, just terrible,” the White Rabbit says in the first exhibit. “We’re running out of energy, Alice.”

A Dodo robot figure, swiveling to address Alice and the visitors to the building, declares that there is an “ace” form of energy called nuclear power. It is clean, safe and renewable if you reprocess uranium and plutonium, the Dodo says.

“Wow, you can even do that!” Alice says of nuclear power. “You could say that it’s optimal for resource-poor Japan!”

Over several decades, Japan’s nuclear establishment has devoted vast resources to persuade the Japanese public of the safety and necessity of nuclear power. Plant operators built lavish, fantasy-filled public relations buildings that became tourist attractions. Bureaucrats spun elaborate advertising campaigns through a multitude of organizations established solely to advertise the safety of nuclear plants. Politicians pushed through the adoption of government-mandated school textbooks with friendly views of nuclear power.

The result was the widespread adoption of the belief — called the “safety myth” — that Japan’s nuclear power plants were absolutely safe. Japan single-mindedly pursued nuclear power even as Western nations distanced themselves from it.

The belief helps explains why in the only nation to have been attacked with atomic bombs, the Japanese acceptance of nuclear power was so strong that the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl barely registered. Even with the crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the reaction against nuclear power has been much stronger in Europe and the United States than in Japan itself.

As the Japanese continue to search for answers to the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, some are digging deep into the national psyche and examining a national propensity to embrace a belief now widely seen as irrational. Because of this widespread belief in Japanese plants’ absolute safety, plant operators and nuclear regulators failed to adopt proper safety measures and advances in technology, like emergency robots, experts and government officials acknowledge.

“In Japan, we have something called the ‘safety myth,’ ” Banri Kaieda, who runs the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, which oversees the nuclear industry, said at a news conference at an International Atomic Energy Agency meeting in Vienna on Monday. “It’s a fact that there was an unreasonable overconfidence in the technology of Japan’s nuclear power generation.”

As a result, he said, the nuclear industry’s “thinking about safety had a poor foundation.”

Japan’s government has concentrated its propaganda and educational efforts on creating such national beliefs in the past, most notably during World War II. The push for nuclear power underpinned postwar Japan’s focus on economic growth and its dream of greater energy independence. But as the carefully fostered belief in nuclear safety has dissipated in the three months after the March 11 disaster, Japanese are increasingly blaming the nuclear establishment for Fukushima. In a politically apathetic country, tens of thousands have regularly held protests against nuclear power. Young Japanese have used social media to organize and publicize demonstrations that have been virtually ignored by major newspapers and television networks.

A song, “It Was Always a Lie,” has become an anthem at the protests and a vehicle for Japanese anger on the Internet. Its author, a famous singer named Kazuyoshi Saito, wrote it by changing the lyrics of a love ballad, “I Always Liked You,” that he composed last year for a commercial for Shiseido, the cosmetics giant. Mr. Saito’s performance of the song, surreptitiously uploaded on YouTube and other sites, has gone viral.

“If you walk across this country, you’ll find 54 nuclear reactors/School textbooks and commercials told us they were safe,” the song goes.

“It was always a lie, it’s been exposed after all/It was really a lie that nuclear power is safe.”

Caught Unprepared

In the days after a giant tsunami knocked out Fukushima Daiichi’s cooling system, the prime minister’s office and the Tokyo Electric Power Company, or Tepco, the plant’s operator, wrestled over whether to inject cooling seawater into the reactor buildings to prevent catastrophic meltdowns, and then over how to do it.

With radiation levels too high for workers to approach the reactors, the Japanese authorities floundered. They sent police trucks mounted with water cannons — equipment designed to disperse rioters — to spray water into the reactor buildings. Military helicopters flew over the buildings, dropping water that was scattered off course by strong winds, in a “performance, a kind of circus” that was aimed more at reassuring an increasingly alarmed Japanese population and American government, said Kenichi Matsumoto, an aide to Prime Minister Naoto Kan.

What became clear was that Japan lacked some of the basic hardware to respond to a nuclear crisis and, after initial resistance, had to look abroad for help. For a country proud of its technology, the low point occurred on March 31 when it had to use a 203-foot-long water pump — shipped from China, an export market for Japanese nuclear technology — to inject 90 tons of fresh water into the No. 1 reactor building. But perhaps more than anything else, the absence of one particular technology was deeply puzzling: emergency robots.

Japan, after all, is the world’s leader in robotics. It has the world’s largest force of mechanized workers. Its humanoid robots can walk and run on two feet, sing and dance, and even play the violin. But where were the emergency robots at Fukushima?

The answer is that the operators and nuclear regulators, believing that accidents would never occur, steadfastly opposed the introduction of what they regarded as unnecessary technology.

“The plant operators said that robots, which would premise an accident, were not needed,” said Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, 77, an engineer and a former president of the University of Tokyo, Japan’s most prestigious academic institution. “Instead, introducing them would inspire fear, they said. That’s why they said that robots couldn’t be introduced.”

Even before the accident at Three Mile Island in 1979, Mr. Yoshikawa, a robotics expert, and other researchers began building emergency robots capable of responding to a nuclear accident, eventually producing a prototype called Mooty. The robots were resistant to high levels of radiation and capable of surmounting mounds of rubble.

But the robots never made it into production, forcing Japan, in the aftermath of Fukushima, to rely on an emergency shipment of robots from iRobot, a company in Bedford, Mass., more famous for manufacturing the Roomba vacuum. On Friday, Tepco deployed the first Japanese-made robot, which was retrofitted recently to handle nuclear accidents, but workers had to retrieve it after it malfunctioned.

The rejection of robots, Mr. Yoshikawa said, was part of the industry’s overall reluctance to improve maintenance and invest in new technologies.

“That’s why the safety myth wasn’t just an empty slogan,” said Mr. Yoshikawa, now the director general of the Center for Research and Development Strategy at the Japan Science and Technology Agency. “It was a kind of mind-set that rejected progress through the introduction of new technology.”

Entering a New Age

The deliberate effort to rally Japanese behind nuclear power can be traced to the beginning of the atomic age, scholars and experts say.

In August 1945, Yasuhiro Nakasone, a young naval officer who would become one of postwar Japan’s most powerful prime ministers, was stationed in western Japan.

“I saw the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima,” Mr. Nakasone wrote in an essay in the 1960s. “At that moment, I sensed that the next age was the nuclear age.”

For many Japanese like Mr. Nakasone, nuclear power became a holy grail — a way for Japan, whose lack of oil and other natural resources had led to World War II and defeat, to become more energy independent. The mastery of nuclear power would also open the possibility of eventually developing nuclear weapons, a subject that Japan secretly studied when Mr. Nakasone was defense minister in 1970.

It was precisely because of nuclear power’s possible link to nuclear arms and its close ties to the United States that left-leaning politicians, academics and intellectuals became fierce opponents. As a countermeasure, proponents of nuclear power stressed its absolute safety, so that each side struck extreme positions, a standoff that lasts to this day.

The nuclear establishment — led by Tepco among the utilities and the Ministry of Economy — spent hundreds of millions of dollars on advertising and educational programs emphasizing the safety of nuclear plants. The ministry’s division responsible for nuclear power has budgeted $12 million this year for those programs, said Takanobu Sugimoto, a division spokesman. Mr. Sugimoto said he “regretted” that the ministry might have “stressed only” the plants’ safety.

The government and the utilities encouraged the creation of many organizations that propagated the message of safety. One of the oldest, the Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization, receives 40 percent of its financing from two ministries that oversee nuclear power and 60 percent from Japan’s plant operators. In addition to producing information promoting nuclear power, the organization sends nuclear power experts to speak at secondary schools and colleges, at no cost.

Mitsuhiro Yokote, 67, the executive managing director of the organization and a former nuclear engineer at the Kansai Electric Power Company, acknowledged that the experts conveyed the message that nuclear plants were absolutely safe. Mr. Yokote said he “regretted” that his organization had contributed to the safety myth.

In a country where people tend to reflexively trust the government, assurances about the safety of Japan’s plants were enough to reassure even those at greatest risk. In Oma, a fishing town in northern Japan where a plant is currently under construction, Chernobyl made no impression on local residents considering the plant back in the 1980s.

“What could we do but believe what the government told us?” said Masaru Takahashi, 67, a member of a fishing union in Oma. “We were told that they were absolutely safe.”

A Public Relations Drive

After Chernobyl, the nuclear establishment made sure that Japanese kept believing in safety.

The plant operators built or renovated the public relations buildings — called “P.R. buildings” — attached to their plants. Before Chernobyl, the buildings were simple facilities intended to appeal to “adult men interested in technical matters,” said Noriya Sumihara, an anthropologist at Tenri University who has researched the facilities. Male guides wearing industrial uniforms took visitors around exhibits consisting mostly of wall panels.

But after Chernobyl, the facilities were transformed into elaborate theme parks geared toward young mothers, the group that research showed was most worried about nuclear plants and radiation, Mr. Sumihara said. Women of childbearing age, whose presence alone was meant to reassure the visitors, were hired as guides.

In Higashidori, a town in northern Japan, one of the country’s newest P.R. buildings is built on the theme of Tonttu, a forest with resident dwarfs. The buildings also holds events with anime characters to attract children and young parents, said Yoshiki Oikawa, a spokesman for the Tohoku Electric Power Company, which manages the site with Tepco.

Here in Shika, more than 100,000 guests last year visited the P.R. building where Alice discovers the wonders of nuclear power. The Caterpillar reassures Alice about radiation and the Cheshire Cat helps her learn about the energy source. Instead of going down a rabbit hole, Alice shrinks after eating a candy and enters a 1:25 scale model of the Shika nuclear plant nearby.

Since the Fukushima disaster, visitors have started questioning the safety of nuclear power, said Asuka Honda, 27, a guide here. Many were pregnant women worried about the effects of radiation on their unborn children. But the presence of Ms. Honda and other guides, mostly women in their late 20s, seemed to reassure them.

The nuclear establishment also made sure that government-mandated school textbooks underemphasized information that could cast doubt on the safety of nuclear power. In Parliament, the campaign was led by Tokio Kano, a Tepco vice president who became a lawmaker in 1998. Mr. Kano, who declined to be interviewed for this article, returned to Tepco as an adviser after retiring from Parliament last year.

In 2004, under the influence of Mr. Kano and other proponents of nuclear power, education officials ordered revisions to textbooks before endorsing them. In one junior high school social studies textbook, a reference to the growing antinuclear movement in Europe was deleted. In another, a reference to Chernobyl was relegated to a footnote.

The effect could be seen in opinion polls that even after Fukushima have indicated that young Japanese are the strongest proponents of nuclear power.

The nuclear establishment itself came to believe its own safety myth and “became entangled in its own net,” said Hitoshi Yoshioka, an author of a book on the history of Japan’s nuclear power and a member of a panel established by the prime minister to investigate the causes of the Fukushima disaster.

He said that helped explain why, at Fukushima, Tepco failed to carry out emergency measures in case of a complete loss of power, which is what happened when the tsunami hit in March. Others have said that the nuclear establishment’s embrace of the safety myth also makes it possible to understand what, in hindsight, was the most glaring hole in the safety measures at Japan’s nuclear plants. In the country that gave the world the word tsunami, few measures were taken at Fukushima Daiichi or elsewhere to protect plants against the giant waves. Neither the Dodo nor the Caterpillar makes any mention of tsunamis to Alice.

Kantaro Suzuki contributed reporting.

紙杯餐盒99.9%幾乎都用工業油墨

2011-06-23T18:08:00.000-07:00

台灣的食的安全

紙杯餐盒99.9%有毒！業者爆：幾乎都用工業油墨

小心這些色彩繽紛的紙杯！有印刷業者爆料，坊間可見的紙製容器，99.9%是用工業用油墨。（圖╱取自網路）記者黃巧雯╱台北報導

塑化劑風暴延燒，讓人見識到何謂「毒從口入」。

然而，現在有印刷業者爆料，不只是塑膠品，坊間隨處可見的便當盒、飲料杯等紙製容器中，「有99.9%使用對人體有害的工業用油墨」，此外，「食用級」油墨每公斤要價2千元，比「工業用」貴了超過6倍，許多大廠一聽見價格，立刻放棄為民眾安全把關。

知名大廠拒絕吸收「食用級」油墨的價格, 一位不願具名、從事印刷業多年的Ｙ先生告訴本報記者，油墨的價格是以公斤為單位，工業用油墨每公斤約250~300元，食用級則是每公斤2000元，而油墨在容器中的成本佔不到1/6；也就是說，假設1個容器成本是2元，工業用油墨在其中佔0.3元，倘若換成食用級油墨，油墨成本則變成2.4元。

「如果多花2至5元，就能買到安全的飲料，消費者會不願意嗎？」Ｙ先生無奈地說，3年來，他一直努力向小廠、大廠宣導食用級油墨的環保、安全，然而，「大公司的財報控管嚴格，他們都是只看價錢的，自然直接拒絕。」Ｙ先生不解地說，這成本對大廠而言，應該是可吸收、也佔不了多大的比例才是。

先從國外訂購原料，成品再銷往國外

其實，Ｙ先生的爆料是有跡可循的。從事印刷業的網友「新藍海」曾在民國92年投書媒體，指全台90%以上的紙杯、紙碗、紙餐盒的製造商，都用一般的油墨（含VOC揮發性有機成分）在印刷，而不是食用級油墨；世上生產食用級油墨廠也不多，從台灣進口記錄就可了解。他也說，這些事情不僅是小廠在犯，知名大廠也很常見。

「新藍海」還在自己部落格撰文說道，紙杯和便當盒的堆疊方式，都是上一個的表層貼著下一個裡層擺置，因此容易有油墨殘留；而容器裝了熱食受熱後，油墨也容易揮發到食物之中。更遑論鹽酥雞袋、雞排袋等等，高油脂食物的「油」常常會從紙袋裡滲透而出，恐怕也連帶將油墨一同沾附在食物上。

而今，事隔8年，工業用油墨氾濫的情況似乎仍沒有改善，諷刺的是，台灣要使用食用級油墨，還得跟國外訂購，完成較環保的紙容器後也是銷往國外。Ｙ先生稱，「國外控管較嚴格，他們不得不使用昂貴的容器，國外客戶也會指定用歐盟認可的油墨。」Ｙ先生指出，對食用級油墨控管最嚴格的是歐盟，美國FDA則分很多級數。

「台灣的檢驗可以容許有『小數點』，不像歐盟一定是零」，Ｙ先生直言，要拿到商檢局的食品安全油墨檢驗合格其實不難。坊間的便當盒、飲料杯、紙杯等等，身邊可見到的食品容器有99.9%都是工業用油墨，但也不是全部都有毒，Ｙ先生特別點名「可能只有星巴克安全，因為他們是從國外統一叫貨。」至於蔥油餅袋、炸雞排袋，則有部份還會用水性油墨，這恐怕很難避免。

無法避免，卻可以辨識

「雖然無可避免，但有辦法辨識。」他解釋，如果是工業用油墨，熱水一沖下去或遇高溫，立刻就會有油墨的味道。但若是水性油墨，則不容易用嗅覺去判斷，一定得進實驗室檢驗才能得知。Ｙ先生強調，食品級油墨主要成分是亞麻仁油，也不是標榜大豆油就一定是食品級，最好是經過歐盟認可。

據悉，工業用油墨對人體的危害莫過於重金屬(如鉛、鉻、鎘、汞)、有機溶劑、環境荷爾蒙等等，因此完全不該用於印刷食品包裝與容器；Ｙ先生呼籲，對於這部份尚不重視的政府，應立即控管食品安全，制定相關法令，不再讓類似塑化劑、工業用油墨等毒物傷害民眾健康。

在 "劣幣驅逐良幣" 之經濟理論下、看來，台灣有良心的企業都會倒光。

好啦，請問~~還有什麼東西是可以安心的買回家吃？

原文網址: 紙杯餐盒99.9%有毒！業者爆：幾乎都用工業油墨

德國臘腸桿菌事件的教訓: 抗生素濫用的後果

2011-06-11T15:12:00.000-07:00

Inside Europe | 11.06.2011 | 07:05

What lessons can be drawn from Europe’s E.coli scare?

While EU diplomats and farmers struggle to contain the economic fallout of the EHEC crisis, scientists have been brooding over this vicious strain of E.coli which is reportedly resistant to antibiotics.

Now, for a long time antibiotics were regarded as the panacea for infectious diseases. But their use and misuse have resulted in a growing number of resistant bacteria. And this is now a significant health problem: every year over 25,000 people in Europe die from infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. So, what lessons can we draw from the current EHEC crisis for the future treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, especially if one of the strongest weapons in our arsenal is getting blunter by the day. Neil King put that question to Dr Claudia Stein, the Director of Research and Innovation at the World Health Organisation’s European office in Copenhagen.

辛勤工作心臟病風險

2011-06-06T18:00:00.000-07:00

蘇格蘭有句古諺說：「辛勤工作不會死。」但如今科學家發現，工作時間太長，可能導致心臟病發作。

　英國倫敦大學學院（University College London）的公共衛生專家追蹤研究英國中央政府逾7千名公務員11小時的人，與每天工作7至8小時者相較，心臟病發作的風險大增67%。

　這項研究並未探討為何長時間工作會增加心臟病發的風險，不過壓力可能是原因之一。以前曾有研究發現，體內壓力荷爾蒙「可體松」（又稱「腎上腺皮質醇」）濃度較高者，比較容易出現心臟問題。

　在研究人員追蹤的11年期間，有192名志願參與者心臟病發作。研究計畫主持人流行病學家基維邁奇（Mika Mivimaki）指出，每天長時間工作與罹患心臟病的風險顯著增加有關，這對工作過度勞累者可能是個警訊。

　研究團隊建議，醫師在評估患者罹患心臟病的風險時，除了將身體質量指數（BMI）、年齡、血壓、膽固醇以及是否患有糖尿病等危險因子列入考慮之外，應再加上工作時數，如此可提高評估的精確率約5%。

　本研究報告發表於4月3日出刊的最新一期《內科醫學年報》（Annals of Internal Medicine）。

http://www.annals.org/

中國:河山大破害/天籟地籟人籟慘慘慘

2011-06-04T09:51:00.001-07:00

中國:河山大破害/天籟地籟人籟慘慘慘

China Faces ‘Very Grave’ Environmental Situation, Officials Say

中國:河山大破害/天籟地籟人籟慘慘慘

塑化劑危機處處

2011-06-03T20:18:00.000-07:00

聯合報╱記者蔡永彬／台北報導】

2011.06.03 01:00 pm

塑化劑風波延燒，成功大學昨天發表研究指出，台灣室內灰塵的DEHP（鄰苯二甲酸二（2─乙基己基）酯、最常用的塑化劑之一）含量「全世界最高」；木質地板或打蠟也會使室內塑化劑濃度變高；過度使用塑膠容器還會提高孩童氣喘機率，或讓女童性早熟。

成大環境醫學研究所教授李俊璋呼籲政府，在化妝品、保養品內應該全面禁用塑化劑，器皿要訂溶出標準，民眾在生活習慣上也要「自我覺醒」、少用塑膠。

這項研究由成大副校長蘇慧貞、環醫所教授李俊璋、高雄第一科技大學環境與安全衛生工程系副教授李家偉等人共同合作，在國科會「永續發展整合研究成果發表會」上發表。他們從大台南地區挑選一百九十三戶，每戶挑選幼兒最常活動的五個地方採樣；李俊璋指出，從中位數看來，每克的灰塵含了1.23毫克DEHP，比起十五年內歐洲、美國的研究都高出許多。

圖／聯合報提供

研究團隊另採七十一位性早熟女童的尿液分析，發現其中鄰苯二甲酸酯類濃度是正常女童尿液中的一點三至兩倍，李俊璋認為，DEHP會刺激女童大腦神經中樞，讓她們第二性徵提早發育。

李俊璋指出，不少室內裝潢採用木質地板，上面的亮光漆和防水層就可能有塑化劑，打蠟時蠟油中也可能有。李家偉則說，電器的電線外皮有塑化劑，如果疏於打掃，通電時電線溫度提高，塑化劑可能揮發附著在灰塵上，或逸散到空氣中。建議大家電器不用時就拔掉插頭，「不只節能減碳，也保護身體健康。」

「台灣已經過度『塑化』。」李俊璋認為，某些攤販不想洗盤子，就在盤子外面套一層塑膠袋，「塑膠袋耐熱是保證『不變形』，不代表『不溶出』塑化劑！」他也不建議用塑膠奶瓶幫小孩泡牛奶，萬一洗瓶子刮傷內壁，下次泡就溶出更多。要吃便利商店的微波食品，最好買回家倒在盤子裡，「用那種容器我不敢吃！」

李俊璋強調，他不是希望政府「全部禁掉（塑膠）」。他舉例，化妝品、保養品的定香劑可用天然產物取代，就應該禁用塑化劑；器皿方面，政府應對所有常用塑化劑訂定溶出標準、作「正面表列」，告訴廠商什麼能用。

※延伸閱讀》
‧0531更新／含有受塑化劑汙染起雲劑之產品資料表
 ‧衛生署食品藥物管理局網站／起雲劑DEHP汙染專區

Cellphones Are Linked to Cancer by World Health Panel

2011-05-31T17:51:00.000-07:00

Cellphones Are Linked to Cancer by World Health Panel

By TARA PARKER-POPE and FELICITY BARRINGER 6:01 PM ET

A World Health Organization panel put cellphones in the same category as dry cleaning chemicals and pesticides.

塑化劑: 生活中無處不在

2011-05-30T16:50:00.000-07:00

生活中無處不在

最近起雲劑被違法添加塑化劑的風波越燒越大，究竟什麼是塑化劑?其實塑化劑是添加在塑膠製品裡的化學物質，主要用來讓塑膠定型用的，但幾乎每次消基會抽查市售的塑膠製品，都會發現塑化劑或雙酚A有過量現象，到底這些物質對人體有什麼影響，我們帶您來了解。熱騰騰的飯菜，放在塑膠便當裡，滾燙的熱湯，也拿塑膠袋來裝，即使想喝個現泡的熱茶，用得還是保麗龍杯，日常生活中，不管是吃的喝的用的，幾乎都是塑膠製品，雖然用起來很方便，但可能暗藏危機。

有毒的，是環境荷爾蒙的一種，吃多了可能會造成不孕，或生出畸形兒，最常見的是鄰苯二甲酸酯類，不管是保鮮膜、免洗餐具，還是指甲油、髮膠、乳液，甚至小朋友的玩具、拖鞋，通通可能看到它的蹤跡，即使你想逃都逃不掉。

我們吃下的毒素還不只一樣，PC材質的容器，像是運動水壺、嬰兒奶瓶，都很堅固，就是因為拿雙酚A來塑形，甚至隨手拿得到的收據、帳單，上頭的字也會用到雙酚A，處處都有致癌危機。

塑膠這麼毒，生活卻又少不了它，到底該怎麼用才能安心呢?塑膠製品最怕熱，要判斷不同材質的耐熱溫度，其實有撇步，轉一轉塑膠容器，可以看到三角形的回收標誌，裡頭記載1到7的識別碼，5號的聚丙烯最耐熱，可以用在超過100度C的食物，2號和4號的聚乙烯也相對安全，1號的寶特瓶和3號的PVC，耐熱溫度都在60到80度之間，過熱容易產生塑化劑。

6號是PS或保麗龍，最高不能超過90度C，否則會釋放有毒的苯乙烯，7號其他類最常見的是PC，可以耐高溫到130度C，但可能溶出雙酚A，塑膠種類實在太多，光靠回收符號來判斷，恐怕還是一頭霧水。

政府從101年起加強塑膠材質的耐熱標示，但隨著溫度越高，有毒物質溶出的越快越多，專家建議，除了要確實遵照，不同材質的耐熱溫度，更重要的還是少用塑膠，如果真的要用，也要避免高溫、油脂以及強酸強鹼，才能遠離塑化劑的危害。

「腸」保健康

2011-05-30T02:50:00.000-07:00

如何避免大腸癌

口述：王正一教授 整理：游繡華

台大醫學院榮譽教授王正一

在臨床與研究上，我與「大腸」為伍的日子已經超過四十年，以後還要繼續糾纏下去，也許五十年、六十年。

透過大腸內視鏡與相關的檢查，我對於大腸這個器官及它的功能運作也稍有瞭解，敬重而又非常愛護它，我們已成莫逆之交了。

大腸的長度大約一公尺，當我在做大腸鏡時，知道大腸真的是可長可短，非常有彈性，如果做人能像腸子一樣能屈能伸，那真是了不起。

大腸裡邊的內容物東西，大家都熟悉，非常不討人喜歡。但是，能夠維持大腸暢通無阻，卻是很重要的。每個人幾乎一天、二天就要去上洗手間，做這個必須的動作。如果你沒有良好的排便習慣，是會很麻煩的。

飲食之後，大腸就會快速反應，排空內容物以便容納新的廢棄的食後垃圾。

最近幾年，大腸癌發生率突飛猛進，五、六年來已快速竄升到發生率第二名，僅次肝癌。每年發生案例多達一萬人，非常恐怖。

我覺得有責任替大腸說說話，讓每一個人，學會尊重自己體內這個了不起的器官，善待它。它也會因此給予人體最好的回饋，也就能避免大腸疾病的發生了。

所以，以下我將以大腸為第一人稱，帶著大家進入大腸的世界，也聽聽它的心聲。

少油少肉多運動　避免息肉轉癌化

「你們要多運動，我才會有力量蠕動。」

大腸對身體的主人提出第一項重要建議：一定要多運動。

「每天日行萬步」是一種很好的運動，每天以一分鐘一百步的速度，走一百分鐘。成為生活習慣。

我有一大串的「小兄弟」小腸，小腸有五、六公尺長，年輕有活力。而我的直徑寬約三至五公分，小腸比較細，直徑寬約一公分。

我的小兄弟每天每天很認真地工作，會壓、磨、揉、搓、切，什麼功夫都會。食物從胃送下來以後，小腸就開始把它們由大變小，由小變細、弄碎，吸取其中的營養，包括蛋白質、醣類、脂肪、無機鹽、維他命等等，還有一些微量金屬。

我的小兄弟們有很多「衛星工廠」，就像便利商店有中央廚房、連鎖店，各有不同設備或功能，有的負責存放，有的負責代謝。當然它存放以後，什麼部位需要什麼營養、或什麼物質，全由它分配。

而我，大腸，只要身體吃進東西，立刻藉著胃反射，帶動我蠕動，我是很勤快的。所以主人很快有感覺要上廁所。

這是帶動反射，我要負責「清空存貨」，運好準備儲存新的「貨物」，負責存放小腸處理後的廢棄物，我還有一個重要的功能──吸收水分。

如果我沒有吸收水分的功能，一個人一天要拉出四、五千西西的水，每天就要補充很多水分才夠。

我有又厚又韌的腸壁，但是我也需要營養。我最害怕的是肉類脂肪，特別是「含高油脂的肉類」，因為這些食物到了小腸以後，哦！油頭粉面。小兄弟被迷住，動作變得慢吞吞地，吃得飽飽地完全不想動。像人剛吃飽不想做事一樣，也像人喝酒後東倒西歪，五、六公尺長的小兄弟都不動了，連帶著，我想動也動不了。

腸子不動是非常麻煩的事喔，因為我們兄弟雖然都不動，我吸收水份的功能還是很好，不會中斷，不會停止。我大腸裡的排泄物就變得越來越硬，液狀的貨物結果變成像石塊般硬，搬運好費力，我也可能無力搬動它了，這一來就會變成「便秘」了。

身長一公尺的我，身上也會有一個一個小倉庫，叫作「憩室」。有的憩室是先天的，有的是因為我壓力太大、緊張，為了消除緊張，腸壁就向外膨出造成憩室。

還有，如果存在我這兒的廢物變得很硬的時候，比較硬的廢物也會變大，相對於小兄弟小腸年輕力壯，沉穩如中老年人的我，可沒有力氣把這些大石頭給搬出去。這些沒有搬走的石塊，就成了很大的負擔，可能戳傷我腸壁的皮，而且小兄弟分解完食物糜，送下來的廢物，可能存有很多毒素、很多細菌，時間一久，我的皮就壞掉。失去我美麗的外表，也失去功能，好像雞皮疙瘩，一塊一塊的，這是所謂的「息肉」。這些疙瘩一個一個跑出來以後，有的時候會長大，會變成壞的癌細胞，所以我最不喜歡主人吃太油的東西。

多纖維多喝水，蔬菜水果最健康。我喜歡的是蔬菜、水果，含有很多水分、纖維，當然也喜歡主人多喝水。

因為纖維跟水在一起，就會膨脹起來，當膨脹的體積夠大了，我就知道我要動作了。我要把廢物排空，然後我也會覺得很舒服。所以，主人要了解，我這中老年人的力量是有限的，像大石頭般的糞便，我是排不動的，請無論如何要多喝水。

如果身體太少攝取纖維質、水分，我這兒的糞便太多太大，我搬不動、排不動之後，就形成醫生們說的「機械性腸阻塞」〈Mechanical ileus〉。腸子前端可能會腫大起來，壓力也越來越大，我也會受不了，最後我會爆炸、腸子穿孔，對身體是很危險的。只要醫師警覺，就會立刻切掉我潰爛的部分，唉，那我真是無辜受罪啊。可是只要平時多吃蔬菜水果，我就會很健康。

我的營養是來自血管，我的腸壁周圍都有很豐富的血管。如果血管不暢通，我的外表就會受到傷害，就會出血。這就是所謂「缺血性結腸炎」〈Ischemic colitis〉。粘膜表面是很嬌嫩、脆弱，最容易因缺氧，缺血出血。

二十多年來，臺灣人的生活習慣有很大的改變，西化的速食連鎖進駐，人們都愛吃油炸的食物。而且平時都很忙碌，就少運動，可能也沒有多喝水的習慣，所以這幾年來，聽到我們大腸罹患癌症的例子是越來越多。大腸癌的死亡率增加十倍，發生率增加到十多倍。二○○五年的數字顯示，大腸癌的發生率達到九千六百例，這已是接續在第一名肝癌之後，排名第二了，與九千九百例的肝癌相差不多了。

而就在 2007 年，大腸癌的發生率已經突破一萬例。肝癌是第一個突破一萬例的癌症，大腸癌是第二個，而且案例還在持續增加中，這是非常恐怖的。「我不希望健康的我長癌細胞，因為長了癌細胞我就痛苦了，我被害、要被開刀，我要變短了，這些都是我不樂見的。」

切勿亂服藥

我有的時候也會發炎，有種種原因可能引起發炎，特別是主人喜歡吃抗生素時，抗生素可能會讓我「拉肚子」，引起我「結腸發炎」，甚至害我的表皮爛掉、鼓脹起來，形成偽膜，這是很嚴重的。所以我也呼籲人類，非必要時不要隨便吃抗生素。

長期吃抗生素，就要小心有特別的細菌會跑出來，這些細菌就是偽膜性結腸炎發生的重要原因。已知大約百分之二至三的人身上有這些細菌，現在越來越多，尤其在長期療養院的住客可能多到百分之二十至三十，醫院住院的病人也多到百分之三十，這是所謂的困難腸梭菌〈Clo stridium difficile〉。

這也是未來院內感染管制非常重要的課題。

「吃了壞東西，我受不了，就要很快排出去。」所以，主人腹瀉是因為食物中有毒素，需要儘快把毒素排掉；所以不必立刻吃「止瀉藥」來解決問題。例如偽膜性結腸炎，就是標準的梭菌引起的發炎，你給我吃抗痙攣、抗蠕動的藥，結果呢？就發生一個問題，這些壞東西跟我相處的時間越來越長，反而不好，所以有這種屬於刺激性的毒素、細菌存在時，最好是不要給我吃止瀉藥，毒素反而排不出去。

還有，或許主人會覺得奇怪，如果我發現裡邊有血，我也會想辦法很快地排出。雖然血本身是很寶貴的東西，可是我很愛護我的環境，我很環保，我不要這裡血流成河，我不要，也不喜歡。

胰臟發炎腸不動

還有一項我大腸最害怕的刺激──來自胰臟。

胰臟發炎的時候，會分泌胰臟酵素，胰臟酵素會消化我、我會被溶解掉，我會被吃掉；如果我亂動，這酵素就會亂跑亂竄，影響就會很大，所以我懂得犧牲小我不影響大局，我要發揮防火牆的功能，把它隔開。

可是如果遇到「腹膜炎」這樣的大災難，我也沒辦法，我也分不清楚那裡是真正的病變，這時候我只能消極地罷工處理，整個腸子不蠕動，這是所謂的「麻痺性阻塞」，唯有這樣能保護大腸也保護整體。我不是不愛動，我絕對是盡責的。平時，我是很規律地在動，一分鐘動二次、三次。我一動就是整條按照次序地動，但是遇到外面情況不好的時候，我就不敢動。

少用牙籤免危機　

很多人習慣用牙籤，但是小腸和大腸我們兩兄弟都很害怕牙籤。牙籤一不小心咬斷了，喀擦，結果牙籤掉到食道，沒問題；掉到胃，沒問題；掉到小腸呢？「那我的小兄弟會被這些尖尖的牙籤傷害，甚至被牙籤刺破。」

所以我們最不歡迎主人用牙籤。

還有一些很硬的藥物也可能傷害到我。

特別是止痛消炎藥〈NSAID〉，品質差的消炎藥「崩解率」很差，意思是說不容易溶解也不容易吸收，從食道滾啊滾到大腸來，在滾的過程，藥的外表有一部分已經破掉，帶著很強的腐蝕性，NS AID 的成分都是鹽酸，我的內皮被灼傷、潰爛。NSAID 引起的腸壁的問題，是最近十年非常嚴重的事實，會引起出血，醫生用內視鏡檢查可以看的到藥就留在那位置上。

大腸歡迎益生菌〈probiotics〉，但是益生菌一吃就是幾億個、幾十億個，甚至一百億個，數量太大，裡面是不是有藏著一些「壞菌」？很令我憂心：「一次吃進這麼多的菌，如果藏著『壞人』，那就很麻煩，會不會傷害到我？」

所以，我還是希望：有正常的飲食，有適量的纖維，有正常的活動，有足夠的水分，而且不吃油，不吃肉，四個有，兩個不，是保護我最好的方法。

王醫師的大腸經

各位讀者，聽完大腸的吶喊之後，回復到我腸胃科醫師的身分。

我要呼籲大家，多吃蔬菜、水果，少吃油炸的食物，少吃肉類，要多運動、多喝水、多吃素，絕對可以「腸」保健康。請每天至少有一餐，每一週至少有一整天吃素。

親愛的人類，您如果愛護自己的大腸，就請吃素吧！

SHE-- 環保安全健康

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Fried food ’fine for heart’ if cooked with olive oil 用橄欖油煎炸食物，不會傷害心臟

治過敏食品有效率低於五成

食物アレルギー「食べて治す」は注意 治癒は半数以下

搶喝洋乳水長大的中國娃娃

China | 19.01.2012

Baby formula trade skyrockets as Chinese look to Germany

Food scandals erupt regularly in China, with milk formula among those products most prone to contamination. Worried parents have therefore started buying non-Chinese powder online from countries such as Germany.

"black boxes" 黑盒子 是安全的學習之鑰

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義大利遊蜓的地中海災難: 錯誤離譜

Disasters | 16.01.2012

Rescue attempts resume on capsized Italian cruise ship

Divers have resumed their efforts to rescue survivors of a capsized cruise ship off the Italian coast. Its owners have suggested the captain may have been responsible for the deadly accident.

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新闻报道 | 2012.01.10

德国人面临“被抗生”

Diet 'can stop brain shrinking'

Alzheimer's: Diet 'can stop brain shrinking'

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Europe offers contradictory advice over faulty breast implants

Health | 07.01.2012

Europe offers contradictory advice over faulty breast implants

European authorities have given conflicting advice over faulty French-made breast implants. Germany has followed France in recommending removal, but Britain has played down possible health risks.

感謝有您 邁向2012

Report slams response to nuclear crisis

“設計缺陷和管理不善”是動車事故主因

新闻报道 | 2011.12.28

“设计缺陷和管理不善”是动车事故主因

周三，中国国务院发布了关于高速铁路安全大检查情况报告，认为设计缺陷和管理不善是造成7·23特大动车事故的主要原因。有54名相关责任人要接受调查处理。

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感謝有您邁向2012

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福島から県外への避難６万人突破　３カ月で約９千人増

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